42 Stefan Guth
26. Rudolf Baklushin, “BN-350 Reactor Facility. Collected Experience [Part 1–4],”
in: Atominfo, May 19, 2008, [ January 3,
2022].
27. GAMO, f. 3p, op. 1, d. 126, l. 28.
28. GAMO, f. 10p, op. 1, d. 591, l. 13.
29. Iu. Kaz’min, “Urok geografii,” in: Pravda, February 2, 1972, 2.
30. A.F. Garkusha/A.S. Kozhagulova/M.M. Utebaeva, Letopis’ goroda Aktau. 1963–2003,
Almaty 2003, 3.
31. Sara B. Pritchard, “Toward an Environmental History of Technology,” in: Andrew
C. Isenberg (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Environmental History, New York, NY
2014, 227–258 (241).
32. Session protocol of the committee for judging proposals for the USSR State Prize
in the field of architecture, May 18, 1977, Rossiiskii Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv literatury i iskusstva [RGALI], Moscow, f. 2916, op. 3, d. 82, l. 18–21 (l. 19).
33. GAMO, f. 506, op. 1, d. 513; GAMO, f. 506, op. 1, d. 514; Vladimir M. Borovskii/
Esbon Usimbekovich Dzhamalbekov, Pustyni Mangyshlaka i problemy ikh osvoeniia,
Alma-Ata 1982.
34. GAMO, f. 128, op. 1, d. 753, l. 6.
35. Irina Presniakova, “Gorod u moria,” in: Smena, no. 1261, December 1979.
36. GAMO, f. 506, istoricheskaia spravka.
37. Petr L. Kapitza, Experiment, Theory, Practice. Articles and Addresses, Dordrecht/Boston/
London 1980, x.
38. Grigor’ian on July 28, 1969, quoted from Tamara Pavlenko, Zolotye rossypi pamiati.
Prikaspiiskii gorno-metallurgicheskii kombinat, Almaty 2014, 259.
39. International Atomic Energy Agency (ed.), Nuclear Energy Centres and AgroIndustrial Complexes. IAEA Technical Report Series no. 140, Vienna 1972.
40. See Will Davis, “Nuclear Agro-Industrial Parks,” in: ANS Nuclear Cafe, January
20, 2016,
[ January 3, 2022].
41. Alvin M. Weinberg, The First Nuclear Era. The Life and Times of a Technological Fixer,
New York, NY 1994, 144–147. On the ORNL study and other research into nuclearpowered agro-industrial complexes, see International Atomic Energy Agency,
Nuclear Energy Centres.
42. Weinberg, First Nuclear Era, 145.
43. Low, “Desert Dreams.”
44. Mark Fiege, Irrigated Eden. The Making of an Agricultural Landscape in the American
West, Seattle 1999.
45. Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi arkhiv ekonomiki [RGAE], f. 4372, op. 66, d. 1280, l. 140.
46. Ibid., l. 42–47; 48–50.
47. Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi arkhiv sotsial’no-politicheskoi istorii [RGASPI], f. 17,
op. 141, d. 1713, l. 63–67.
48. RGAE, f. 4372, op. 66, d. 1280, l. 140.
49. Motion picture Proshchanie s sablei, Kazakhfil’m, 1989. In line with a general trend
in Soviet agriculture, the city’s dachniki were more successful and indeed managed
to grow cucumber and tomatoes on their garden plots, using a lot of precious, but
generously subsidised freshwater.
50. GAMO, f. 340, op. 1, d. 4, l. 65.
51. Edvard Maksimovskii, Radio feature “Let’s Meet on the Ustiurt Plateau,” May 7,
1973, GAMO, f. 340, op. 1, d. 4, l. 27–34 (citation l. 34).
52. S. Mukashev, “Mangyshlakskii variant,” in: Nauka i Zhizn’, no. 2, 1985, 34–35.
53. A.V. Bakanov, “All-Union Conference on Softening And Desalination of Sea
Water,” in: Soviet Atomic Energy 27 (1969), 1141–1142; Nataliia Aleshina, “Kak
sozdat’ oazis”, in: Ezhednevnye novosti, July 2, 2004,
26. Rudolf Baklushin, “BN-350 Reactor Facility. Collected Experience [Part 1–4],”
in: Atominfo, May 19, 2008,
2022].
27. GAMO, f. 3p, op. 1, d. 126, l. 28.
28. GAMO, f. 10p, op. 1, d. 591, l. 13.
29. Iu. Kaz’min, “Urok geografii,” in: Pravda, February 2, 1972, 2.
30. A.F. Garkusha/A.S. Kozhagulova/M.M. Utebaeva, Letopis’ goroda Aktau. 1963–2003,
Almaty 2003, 3.
31. Sara B. Pritchard, “Toward an Environmental History of Technology,” in: Andrew
C. Isenberg (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Environmental History, New York, NY
2014, 227–258 (241).
32. Session protocol of the committee for judging proposals for the USSR State Prize
in the field of architecture, May 18, 1977, Rossiiskii Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv literatury i iskusstva [RGALI], Moscow, f. 2916, op. 3, d. 82, l. 18–21 (l. 19).
33. GAMO, f. 506, op. 1, d. 513; GAMO, f. 506, op. 1, d. 514; Vladimir M. Borovskii/
Esbon Usimbekovich Dzhamalbekov, Pustyni Mangyshlaka i problemy ikh osvoeniia,
Alma-Ata 1982.
34. GAMO, f. 128, op. 1, d. 753, l. 6.
35. Irina Presniakova, “Gorod u moria,” in: Smena, no. 1261, December 1979.
36. GAMO, f. 506, istoricheskaia spravka.
37. Petr L. Kapitza, Experiment, Theory, Practice. Articles and Addresses, Dordrecht/Boston/
London 1980, x.
38. Grigor’ian on July 28, 1969, quoted from Tamara Pavlenko, Zolotye rossypi pamiati.
Prikaspiiskii gorno-metallurgicheskii kombinat, Almaty 2014, 259.
39. International Atomic Energy Agency (ed.), Nuclear Energy Centres and AgroIndustrial Complexes. IAEA Technical Report Series no. 140, Vienna 1972.
40. See Will Davis, “Nuclear Agro-Industrial Parks,” in: ANS Nuclear Cafe, January
20, 2016,
[ January 3, 2022].
41. Alvin M. Weinberg, The First Nuclear Era. The Life and Times of a Technological Fixer,
New York, NY 1994, 144–147. On the ORNL study and other research into nuclearpowered agro-industrial complexes, see International Atomic Energy Agency,
Nuclear Energy Centres.
42. Weinberg, First Nuclear Era, 145.
43. Low, “Desert Dreams.”
44. Mark Fiege, Irrigated Eden. The Making of an Agricultural Landscape in the American
West, Seattle 1999.
45. Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi arkhiv ekonomiki [RGAE], f. 4372, op. 66, d. 1280, l. 140.
46. Ibid., l. 42–47; 48–50.
47. Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi arkhiv sotsial’no-politicheskoi istorii [RGASPI], f. 17,
op. 141, d. 1713, l. 63–67.
48. RGAE, f. 4372, op. 66, d. 1280, l. 140.
49. Motion picture Proshchanie s sablei, Kazakhfil’m, 1989. In line with a general trend
in Soviet agriculture, the city’s dachniki were more successful and indeed managed
to grow cucumber and tomatoes on their garden plots, using a lot of precious, but
generously subsidised freshwater.
50. GAMO, f. 340, op. 1, d. 4, l. 65.
51. Edvard Maksimovskii, Radio feature “Let’s Meet on the Ustiurt Plateau,” May 7,
1973, GAMO, f. 340, op. 1, d. 4, l. 27–34 (citation l. 34).
52. S. Mukashev, “Mangyshlakskii variant,” in: Nauka i Zhizn’, no. 2, 1985, 34–35.
53. A.V. Bakanov, “All-Union Conference on Softening And Desalination of Sea
Water,” in: Soviet Atomic Energy 27 (1969), 1141–1142; Nataliia Aleshina, “Kak
sozdat’ oazis”, in: Ezhednevnye novosti, July 2, 2004,