14 Susanne Bauer and Tanja Penter
11. On Chernobyl, see: Adriana Petryna, Life Exposed: Biological Citizens after Chernobyl (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005); Olga Kuchinskaya, The
Politics of Invisibility: Public Knowledge about Radiation Health Effects after Chernobyl
(Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2014); Edward Geist, “Political fallout: the failure
of emergency management at Chernobyl,” Slavic Review, 74, 1 (2015): 104–126;
Aliaksandr Dalhouski, Tschernobyl in Belarus: Ökologische Krise und sozialer Kompromiss, 1986–199 (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz-Verlag, 2015); Melanie Arndt, ed.,
Politik und Gesellschaft nach Tschernobyl: (Ost-) Europäische Perspektiven (Berlin: Ch.
Links, 2016); Kate Brown, Manual for Survival. A Chernobyl Guide to Survival (London: Penguin Press, 2019). On Fukushima, see: Yuko Fujigaki and Togo Tsukahara, “STS Implications of Japan’s 3/11 Crisis,” East Asian Science, Technology and
Society, 5, 3 (2011): 381–394; [An East Asian STS Panel Discussion on Japan’s 3/11
and Fukushima Crises], East Asian Science, Technology and Society, 5, 3 (2011): 375;
Richard Hindmarsh, ed., Nuclear Disaster at Fukushima Daiichi (London: Routledge,
2013); Peter Van Ness and Mel Gurtov eds., Learning from Fukushima: Nuclear Power
in East Asia, Acton ACT (Canberra: The Australian National University, 2017).
12. Anton Khlopkov and Valeriya Chekina, Governing Uranium in Russia, DIIS Report
19, Copenhagen, 2014.
13. The nuclear weapons were designed since 1946 at Design Bureau No. 11 (KB-11)
of the USSR Ministry of Medium Machine-Building in Sarov (Nizhny Novgorod
oblast) and sister city to Los Alamos, the United States. See: “Arzamas-16/Sarov,”
Global Security, https://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/arzamas_nuc.
htm. The Ministry of Medium Machine Building was renamed in Ministry of Atomic
Energy in 1992, see Thomas B. Cochran, and Robert Standish Norris, Russian/
Soviet Nuclear Warhead Production, Natural Resources Defense Council,
Washington, DC, 1993, 9.
14. V.N. Mikhailov, I.A. Andryshin, V.V. Bogdan, S.A. Vashchinkin, S.A. Zelentsov,
G.E. Zolutkin, V.M. Karimov, V.V. Kirichenko, A.M. Matushchenko, Yu.A.
Silkin, V.G. Strukov, K.V. Kharitinov, A.K. Tchernyshev, G.A. Tsyrkov, M.P. Shumaev, USSR Nuclear Weapons Tests and Peaceful Nuclear Explosions 1949 through 1990
(Ministry of the Russian Federation for Atomic Energy, The Ministry of Defense
of the Russian Federation: Moscow, 1996). See “Arzamas-16/Sarov,” Global
Security, https://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/arzamas_nuc.htm.
15. For the significance of the nuclear and radioactive tracers in biomedical research,
see Hans-Jörg Rheinberger, “Putting isotopes to work: liquid scintillation counters,
1950–1970,” in: Instrumentation between Science, State and Industry, eds., Bernward
Joerges and Terry Shinn (Dordrecht: Kluwer 2001), 143–174; Peter Keating and
Alberto Cambrosio, Biomedical Platforms: Realigning the Normal and the Pathological in
Late-Twentieth-Century Medicine (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2003).
16 See Paula Garb and Galina Komarova, “Victims of ‘friendly fire’ at Russia’s nuclear
weapons sites,” in: Violent Environments, eds. Nancy Lee Peluso and Michael Watts
(Ithaka, London: Cornell University Press, 2001), 287–304; Galina A. Komarova,
Predtecha Chernobylia (Moscow, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian
Academy of Sciences, 2002); Galina A. Komarova, Etnokulʹturnye aspekty tekhnogennoi katastrofy (Moscow, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy
of Sciences, 2002); Galina A. Komarova, “Zhenshchina v usloviiakh povyshennoi
radiatsii,” in: Zhenshchina i svoboda (Moscow: Nauka, 1994). On gender and Soviet
nuclear physics, see also Erica Fraser, “Masculinity in the personal narratives of
Soviet nuclear physicists,” Aspasia, 8 (2014), 45–63.
17. See Fiona Amundsen and Sylvia C. Frain, “The politics of invisibility: visualizing legacies of nuclear imperialisms.” Journal of Transnational American Studies (2020), 11(2).
doi:10.5070/T8112049588. Retrieved from https://escholarship.org/uc/item/
6zs4q1hv; Susanne Bauer, Gusev Boris, Tatyana Belikhina, Timur Moldagaliev, Kazbek Apsalikov, “The legacies of Soviet nuclear testing in Kazakhstan:
11. On Chernobyl, see: Adriana Petryna, Life Exposed: Biological Citizens after Chernobyl (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005); Olga Kuchinskaya, The
Politics of Invisibility: Public Knowledge about Radiation Health Effects after Chernobyl
(Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2014); Edward Geist, “Political fallout: the failure
of emergency management at Chernobyl,” Slavic Review, 74, 1 (2015): 104–126;
Aliaksandr Dalhouski, Tschernobyl in Belarus: Ökologische Krise und sozialer Kompromiss, 1986–199 (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz-Verlag, 2015); Melanie Arndt, ed.,
Politik und Gesellschaft nach Tschernobyl: (Ost-) Europäische Perspektiven (Berlin: Ch.
Links, 2016); Kate Brown, Manual for Survival. A Chernobyl Guide to Survival (London: Penguin Press, 2019). On Fukushima, see: Yuko Fujigaki and Togo Tsukahara, “STS Implications of Japan’s 3/11 Crisis,” East Asian Science, Technology and
Society, 5, 3 (2011): 381–394; [An East Asian STS Panel Discussion on Japan’s 3/11
and Fukushima Crises], East Asian Science, Technology and Society, 5, 3 (2011): 375;
Richard Hindmarsh, ed., Nuclear Disaster at Fukushima Daiichi (London: Routledge,
2013); Peter Van Ness and Mel Gurtov eds., Learning from Fukushima: Nuclear Power
in East Asia, Acton ACT (Canberra: The Australian National University, 2017).
12. Anton Khlopkov and Valeriya Chekina, Governing Uranium in Russia, DIIS Report
19, Copenhagen, 2014.
13. The nuclear weapons were designed since 1946 at Design Bureau No. 11 (KB-11)
of the USSR Ministry of Medium Machine-Building in Sarov (Nizhny Novgorod
oblast) and sister city to Los Alamos, the United States. See: “Arzamas-16/Sarov,”
Global Security, https://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/arzamas_nuc.
htm. The Ministry of Medium Machine Building was renamed in Ministry of Atomic
Energy in 1992, see Thomas B. Cochran, and Robert Standish Norris, Russian/
Soviet Nuclear Warhead Production, Natural Resources Defense Council,
Washington, DC, 1993, 9.
14. V.N. Mikhailov, I.A. Andryshin, V.V. Bogdan, S.A. Vashchinkin, S.A. Zelentsov,
G.E. Zolutkin, V.M. Karimov, V.V. Kirichenko, A.M. Matushchenko, Yu.A.
Silkin, V.G. Strukov, K.V. Kharitinov, A.K. Tchernyshev, G.A. Tsyrkov, M.P. Shumaev, USSR Nuclear Weapons Tests and Peaceful Nuclear Explosions 1949 through 1990
(Ministry of the Russian Federation for Atomic Energy, The Ministry of Defense
of the Russian Federation: Moscow, 1996). See “Arzamas-16/Sarov,” Global
Security, https://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/arzamas_nuc.htm.
15. For the significance of the nuclear and radioactive tracers in biomedical research,
see Hans-Jörg Rheinberger, “Putting isotopes to work: liquid scintillation counters,
1950–1970,” in: Instrumentation between Science, State and Industry, eds., Bernward
Joerges and Terry Shinn (Dordrecht: Kluwer 2001), 143–174; Peter Keating and
Alberto Cambrosio, Biomedical Platforms: Realigning the Normal and the Pathological in
Late-Twentieth-Century Medicine (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2003).
16 See Paula Garb and Galina Komarova, “Victims of ‘friendly fire’ at Russia’s nuclear
weapons sites,” in: Violent Environments, eds. Nancy Lee Peluso and Michael Watts
(Ithaka, London: Cornell University Press, 2001), 287–304; Galina A. Komarova,
Predtecha Chernobylia (Moscow, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian
Academy of Sciences, 2002); Galina A. Komarova, Etnokulʹturnye aspekty tekhnogennoi katastrofy (Moscow, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy
of Sciences, 2002); Galina A. Komarova, “Zhenshchina v usloviiakh povyshennoi
radiatsii,” in: Zhenshchina i svoboda (Moscow: Nauka, 1994). On gender and Soviet
nuclear physics, see also Erica Fraser, “Masculinity in the personal narratives of
Soviet nuclear physicists,” Aspasia, 8 (2014), 45–63.
17. See Fiona Amundsen and Sylvia C. Frain, “The politics of invisibility: visualizing legacies of nuclear imperialisms.” Journal of Transnational American Studies (2020), 11(2).
doi:10.5070/T8112049588. Retrieved from https://escholarship.org/uc/item/
6zs4q1hv; Susanne Bauer, Gusev Boris, Tatyana Belikhina, Timur Moldagaliev, Kazbek Apsalikov, “The legacies of Soviet nuclear testing in Kazakhstan: