definition, 163
geography impact, 201–202
and health effects, 197–198
heavy metals, 210
mesoscale, 165–167
mesoscale models, 176–177
meteorology impact, 202–203
neighborhood scale, 167–170
neighborhood scale models, 177–178
nitrogen dioxide pollution, 204
origins of, 197
output of modelling calculations, 179–186
particle pollution impact, 204–209
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 209–210
topography impact, 202
trace elements, 210–211
urban data, 173–174
Urban atmospheric composition processes
characteristics, motor vehicle and domestic fuel
emissions, 220
composition and key pollutants, 218–219
condensed phase composition processes, 224–225
definition, 215
dynamics, 217
evolution of air pollution vs. development, 216
gas-phase composition processes, 220–224
historical perspective, 216
key emission characteristics, 219–220
meteorology, 217
mixing, 217
urban atmospheric composition trends, 225–226
Urban drainage modelling, 229
challenges in urban surface water, 230–231
flow on surface, 234–235
sewer system design, 231–234
surface runoff, 231–234
water transport into sewer system, 235
Urban form, 387
Urban heat islands (UHI), 464
Urban meteorology, 163
Urban smog, 194
Urban surface water management, 229
Utility factor, 433
V
Vacuum swing adsorption (VSA), 503
Vapor recovery, 502–503
Vehicle operation, 57
Very short-lived species (VSLS), 373
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 142, 150, 198, 215,
284, 390, 480, 481, 485, 489, 491, 497, 498,
501, 504
limited, 215
Vulnerability, 280
curve, 456, 469, 472
W
Water sector, heatwave impacts, 468–469
Wet deposition, 139, 347
Wet electrostatic precipitation (WESP), 107, 110, 111
Wet precipitator, 493
Wet scrubbers, 498–499
Wetting filters, 439
Whitman v. American Trucking Associations, 21–22
Winter smog, 194
Wire-on-plate ESP (WOPEP), 109
Wood combustion, 201
Y
Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), 95, 96
Index
521