Single crystal silicon, 433
Single-sided ventilation, 150
Single-walled CNTs, 98
Sixth mass extinction, 293
Slip flow effect, 93
Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), 121
Smog, 10, 347
Smoking impact on ventilation, 142
SnO 2 , 433
Socio-ecological justice, 387, 409
Soils store carbon, 292
Solar radiation management (SRM), 307–309
Soot particle AMS (SP-AMS), 126
Sound pressure level (SPL), 114
Source apportionment, 387
Space charge, 424
Stack-ventilation, 151
Stationary sources, 347
Statistical model, 65
Steam engines, 9
Stratosphere, 373
Stratospheric pollution
catalytic ozone loss, 374–375
definition, 373
middle latitudes and tropics, 377
natural ozone layer, 374
ozone depletion, 376–379
ozone layer, 374
polar ozone loss, 376–377
stratospheric chemistry, 375–376
Street canyon, 215
Subsidiary Body on Scientific and Technical Advice
(SBSTA), 340
Sulfur dioxide, 8
Surface transportation impacts on air quality, 47–48
activity data, 61
air pollution pathways, 51–53
air quality legislation, 67
air treatment technologies, 75
automobile propulsion technologies, 71–72
car ownership in European countries, 50
compressed natural gas, 71
dispersion of pollutant, 62–63
dust suppressants, 74
eco-driving, 72–73
emission legislation, 67–70
emission processes, 53–57
empirical/statistical models, 65
Eulerian and Lagrangian model, 65
fuel legislation, 70
future research, 76–78
historical trends, 50–51
hybrid propulsion, 72
improved combustion and exhaust aftertreatment,
70–71
liquefied petroleum gas, 71
LPG and CNG, 71
mitigation measures, 74–75
model validation, 77–78
passenger and freight transport in EU-27 countries,
50, 51
physical barriers, 74–75
prevention measures, 67–74
rail transport models, 60–61
road sweeping and washing, 73–74
road transport models, 57–60
shipping models, 61
traffic management, 74
transformation process, 63–64
transport emissions, 57–62
vegetation, 75
Sustainability
energy consumption, 295–296
food security, 293–294
greenhouse gases emission and economic
development, 297
health consequences, 294
Hubbert’s peak theory, 296
Jevon’s paradox, 297
monitoring and, 388, 407
per capita GDP and energy consumption, 296
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), 297
T
Target load, 387
Taylor cone, 94
Temperature inversion, 215, 347
Temperature swing adsorption (TSA), 502
Temporal, 347
Thermal oxidation, 489–491
Thermohaline circulation, 280
Thermophoresis, 109–112
Three-way catalyst (TWC), 496, 497
Time-of-flight (ToF)-AMS, 126
Traffic management, 74
Traffic situation models, 59
Transboundary pollution, 215
Transit-oriented development, 387
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), 127
Transport sector, heatwave impacts, 466–467
Troposphere, 387
Tubular precipitator, 493
Two-stage precipitator, 493
U
Ultrafine particles, 47, 205
Unified Natural Hazard Risk Mitigation Exploratory
Decision Support System (UNHaRMED), 456
United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), 195
Urban air quality, 163, 194
air pollution, 198–199
building and street scale, 170–173
building and street scale modelling, 178–179
characteristic regions of flow, 164–165
complex urban junction, 186–187
computational models, 174–175
concentration and indices, 199
520
Index
Single-sided ventilation, 150
Single-walled CNTs, 98
Sixth mass extinction, 293
Slip flow effect, 93
Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), 121
Smog, 10, 347
Smoking impact on ventilation, 142
SnO 2 , 433
Socio-ecological justice, 387, 409
Soils store carbon, 292
Solar radiation management (SRM), 307–309
Soot particle AMS (SP-AMS), 126
Sound pressure level (SPL), 114
Source apportionment, 387
Space charge, 424
Stack-ventilation, 151
Stationary sources, 347
Statistical model, 65
Steam engines, 9
Stratosphere, 373
Stratospheric pollution
catalytic ozone loss, 374–375
definition, 373
middle latitudes and tropics, 377
natural ozone layer, 374
ozone depletion, 376–379
ozone layer, 374
polar ozone loss, 376–377
stratospheric chemistry, 375–376
Street canyon, 215
Subsidiary Body on Scientific and Technical Advice
(SBSTA), 340
Sulfur dioxide, 8
Surface transportation impacts on air quality, 47–48
activity data, 61
air pollution pathways, 51–53
air quality legislation, 67
air treatment technologies, 75
automobile propulsion technologies, 71–72
car ownership in European countries, 50
compressed natural gas, 71
dispersion of pollutant, 62–63
dust suppressants, 74
eco-driving, 72–73
emission legislation, 67–70
emission processes, 53–57
empirical/statistical models, 65
Eulerian and Lagrangian model, 65
fuel legislation, 70
future research, 76–78
historical trends, 50–51
hybrid propulsion, 72
improved combustion and exhaust aftertreatment,
70–71
liquefied petroleum gas, 71
LPG and CNG, 71
mitigation measures, 74–75
model validation, 77–78
passenger and freight transport in EU-27 countries,
50, 51
physical barriers, 74–75
prevention measures, 67–74
rail transport models, 60–61
road sweeping and washing, 73–74
road transport models, 57–60
shipping models, 61
traffic management, 74
transformation process, 63–64
transport emissions, 57–62
vegetation, 75
Sustainability
energy consumption, 295–296
food security, 293–294
greenhouse gases emission and economic
development, 297
health consequences, 294
Hubbert’s peak theory, 296
Jevon’s paradox, 297
monitoring and, 388, 407
per capita GDP and energy consumption, 296
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), 297
T
Target load, 387
Taylor cone, 94
Temperature inversion, 215, 347
Temperature swing adsorption (TSA), 502
Temporal, 347
Thermal oxidation, 489–491
Thermohaline circulation, 280
Thermophoresis, 109–112
Three-way catalyst (TWC), 496, 497
Time-of-flight (ToF)-AMS, 126
Traffic management, 74
Traffic situation models, 59
Transboundary pollution, 215
Transit-oriented development, 387
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), 127
Transport sector, heatwave impacts, 466–467
Troposphere, 387
Tubular precipitator, 493
Two-stage precipitator, 493
U
Ultrafine particles, 47, 205
Unified Natural Hazard Risk Mitigation Exploratory
Decision Support System (UNHaRMED), 456
United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), 195
Urban air quality, 163, 194
air pollution, 198–199
building and street scale, 170–173
building and street scale modelling, 178–179
characteristic regions of flow, 164–165
complex urban junction, 186–187
computational models, 174–175
concentration and indices, 199
520
Index