synthesis. However due to their properties and
harmful effects on groundwater and the ozone
layer, the substitution of halogenated compounds
with supercritical CO 2 brought huge improvement in environmental protection [133].
The use of VOCs in paints is damaging for
both the environment and human health. This is
especially true for the oil-based paints which emit
significant amounts of VOCs into the atmosphere.
Therefore, there is increasing demand for producers to create paint that does not give off
organic solvent vapors. Procter & Gamble and
Cook Composites and Polymers created a mixture
of soy oil and sugar that replaces fossil fuelderived paint resins and solvents, cutting the content of hazardous volatiles by 50%. Later,
Sherwin-Williams developed water-based acrylic
alkyd paints with low VOC emissions that can be
made from recycled soda bottle plastic (PET),
acrylics, and soybean oil [133, 134].
Plastic is widely used in containers, bottles,
and packaging. It’s a growing segment of solid
waste, and hence, several companies have been
working to develop plastics that are made from
renewable, biodegradable sources. NatureWorksfood makes containers from a polymer called
polylactic acid branded as Ingeo. They discovered
a method where microorganisms convert cornstarch into a resin that is just as strong as the
rigid petroleum-based plastic. BASF created
recently a compostable polyester film called
“Ecoflex” (biodegradable bags) [133, 135].
A significant amount of the diesel fuel used in
transportation evaporates into the atmosphere
where its photooxidation leads to the formation of
PM, NO x , HC (hydrocarbon), CO, and other hazardous air pollutants. These pollutants as described
in Table 1 have a negative impact on human health
and the environment [136]. The production of diesel from sources other than fossil fuels (e.g., biodiesel), such as vegetable oil, requires a more
efficient solid catalyst to make the process fully
ecologically friendly. A sugar catalyst is a highperformance catalyst made from naturally occurring molecules which can be used in this process.
Green synthesis and recyclable materials used in
biodiesels can significantly reduce the pollution
emissions from the transport sector [137].
Conclusion and Future Prospects
Industrial emission control technologies are
playing a key role in the protection of the environment and human health. Various techniques
selected precisely to deal with specific pollutants
have been in use for decades now, and their high
removal efficiency was extensively verified. However, with progress in technology and broader
knowledge on the environmental impact of air
pollution, new challenges have emerged. Growing
population has led to an increasing number of
industrial facilities with time, and, climate changes.
Addressing these and many other issues requires
fresh, out of the box thinking in the areas of air
pollution control and sustainable development.
In 2015 the United Nations adopted the
Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals. The
Agenda consists of 17 points and aims to protect
the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace
and prosperity. Air pollution was recognized as
one of the major sustainability concerns and is
directly mentioned in goal 3.9 which seeks a significant reduction of deaths from air pollution by
2030 [138]. Current technology might not be adequate to address the Sustainability Goals. Therefore, rapid development in the field of pollution
prevention and remediation will be necessary for
years to come. Although efficient, current pollution control systems require constant upgrades.
Novel materials for pollutant adsorption are constantly being developed [139], and energy-saving
solutions, better catalysts, and waste generation
reduction are developing rapidly [137, 140]. Furthermore, the state of pollution control systems
can be improved by improved pollution management, including wireless sensor networks [141],
big data analysis, and modeling of long-term scenarios [142]. The future of air pollution control is
based on the regulatory work of environmental
agencies around the world. The gradual tightening
of environmental policies designed by EEA and
national EPAs are crucial for pollution mitigation
and give the groundwork for an international initiative such as UN 2030 Agenda. Achieving Sustainable Development Goals will be a tremendous
effort requiring collaboration of nations and governments throughout the world.
506
Industrial Emissions Control Technologies: Introduction
harmful effects on groundwater and the ozone
layer, the substitution of halogenated compounds
with supercritical CO 2 brought huge improvement in environmental protection [133].
The use of VOCs in paints is damaging for
both the environment and human health. This is
especially true for the oil-based paints which emit
significant amounts of VOCs into the atmosphere.
Therefore, there is increasing demand for producers to create paint that does not give off
organic solvent vapors. Procter & Gamble and
Cook Composites and Polymers created a mixture
of soy oil and sugar that replaces fossil fuelderived paint resins and solvents, cutting the content of hazardous volatiles by 50%. Later,
Sherwin-Williams developed water-based acrylic
alkyd paints with low VOC emissions that can be
made from recycled soda bottle plastic (PET),
acrylics, and soybean oil [133, 134].
Plastic is widely used in containers, bottles,
and packaging. It’s a growing segment of solid
waste, and hence, several companies have been
working to develop plastics that are made from
renewable, biodegradable sources. NatureWorksfood makes containers from a polymer called
polylactic acid branded as Ingeo. They discovered
a method where microorganisms convert cornstarch into a resin that is just as strong as the
rigid petroleum-based plastic. BASF created
recently a compostable polyester film called
“Ecoflex” (biodegradable bags) [133, 135].
A significant amount of the diesel fuel used in
transportation evaporates into the atmosphere
where its photooxidation leads to the formation of
PM, NO x , HC (hydrocarbon), CO, and other hazardous air pollutants. These pollutants as described
in Table 1 have a negative impact on human health
and the environment [136]. The production of diesel from sources other than fossil fuels (e.g., biodiesel), such as vegetable oil, requires a more
efficient solid catalyst to make the process fully
ecologically friendly. A sugar catalyst is a highperformance catalyst made from naturally occurring molecules which can be used in this process.
Green synthesis and recyclable materials used in
biodiesels can significantly reduce the pollution
emissions from the transport sector [137].
Conclusion and Future Prospects
Industrial emission control technologies are
playing a key role in the protection of the environment and human health. Various techniques
selected precisely to deal with specific pollutants
have been in use for decades now, and their high
removal efficiency was extensively verified. However, with progress in technology and broader
knowledge on the environmental impact of air
pollution, new challenges have emerged. Growing
population has led to an increasing number of
industrial facilities with time, and, climate changes.
Addressing these and many other issues requires
fresh, out of the box thinking in the areas of air
pollution control and sustainable development.
In 2015 the United Nations adopted the
Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals. The
Agenda consists of 17 points and aims to protect
the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace
and prosperity. Air pollution was recognized as
one of the major sustainability concerns and is
directly mentioned in goal 3.9 which seeks a significant reduction of deaths from air pollution by
2030 [138]. Current technology might not be adequate to address the Sustainability Goals. Therefore, rapid development in the field of pollution
prevention and remediation will be necessary for
years to come. Although efficient, current pollution control systems require constant upgrades.
Novel materials for pollutant adsorption are constantly being developed [139], and energy-saving
solutions, better catalysts, and waste generation
reduction are developing rapidly [137, 140]. Furthermore, the state of pollution control systems
can be improved by improved pollution management, including wireless sensor networks [141],
big data analysis, and modeling of long-term scenarios [142]. The future of air pollution control is
based on the regulatory work of environmental
agencies around the world. The gradual tightening
of environmental policies designed by EEA and
national EPAs are crucial for pollution mitigation
and give the groundwork for an international initiative such as UN 2030 Agenda. Achieving Sustainable Development Goals will be a tremendous
effort requiring collaboration of nations and governments throughout the world.
506
Industrial Emissions Control Technologies: Introduction