framework and index “toolbox” for the evaluation
and prediction of heatwave impacts across sectors
would provide structure to the assessment of
heatwave impacts on many non-health domains.
Such a framework could be universally applied to
heatwave-affected sectors.
Useful outputs from the framework may include
risk mapping of vulnerable infrastructure/components of industry sector systems; estimated average
return periods for impacts; and economic cost evaluation under different scenarios.
Bibliography
1. McEvoy D, Ahmed I, Mullett J (2012) The impact of
the 2009 heat wave on Melbourne’s critical infrastructure. Local Environ 17:783–796
2. Queensland University of Technology (2010) Impacts
and adaptation response of infrastructure and communities to heatwaves: the southern Australian experience of 2009, Report for the National Climate
Change Adaptation Research Facility (NCCARF),
Gold Coast
3. Luber G, McGeehin M (2008) Climate change and
extreme heat events. Am J Prev Med 35:429–435
4. Lee WV (2014) Historical global analysis of occurrences and human casualty of extreme temperature
events (ETEs). Nat Hazards 70:1453–1505
5. Mora C, Dousset B, Caldwell IR, Powell FE, Geronimo RC, Bielecki CR, Counsell CW, Dietrich BS,
Johnston ET, Louis LV, Lucas MP, McKenzie MM,
Shea AG, Tseng H, Giambelluca T, Leon LR,
Hawkins E, Trauernicht C (2017) Global risk of
deadly heat. Nat Clim Chang 7:501–506
6. Newman JP, Maier HR, Riddell GA, Zecchin AC,
Daniell JE, Schaefer AM, Van Delden H, Khazai B,
O'Flaherty MJ, Newland CP (2017) Review of literature on decision support systems for natural hazard
risk reduction: current status and future research directions. Environ Model Softw 96:378–409
7. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(2012) Managing the risks of extreme events and
disasters to advance climate change adaptation: special
report of the intergovernmental panel on climate
change. IPCC, New York, p 582
8. Perkins SE, Alexander LV, Nairn JR (2012) Increasing
frequency, intensity and duration of observed global
heatwaves and warm spells. Geophys Res Lett 39:1–5
9. Mikellidou CV, Shakou LM, Boustras G, Dimopoulos
C (2018) Energy critical infrastructures at risk from
climate change: a state of the art review. Saf Sci
110:110–120
10. Hatvani-Kovacs G, Belusko M, Pockett J, Boland
J (2016) Assessment of heatwave impacts. Proc Eng
169:316–323
11. Van Delden H, Riddell GA, Vanhout R, Maier HR,
Newman JP, Zecchin AC, Dandy G (2019)
UNHaRMED framework report: a co-creation
approach for the development and use of decision
support systems for disaster risk reduction. Bushfire
and natural hazards CRC, Melbourne
12. Wilhelmi OV, Hayden MH (2010) Connecting people
and place: a new framework for reducing urban vulnerability to extreme heat. Environ Res Lett 5:1–7
13. Filosa G, Plovnick A, Stahl L, Miller R, Pickrell
D (2017) Vulnerability assessment and adaptation
framework, 3rd edn. Federal Highway Administration: Office of Planning, Environment & Realty,
Washington, DC, pp 1–86
14. Papathoma-Köhle M, Kappes M, Keiler M, Glade
T (2011) Physical vulnerability assessment for alpine
hazards: state of the art and future needs. Nat Hazards
58:645–680
15. Morabito M, Crisci A, Messeri A, Messeri G, Betti G,
Orlandini S, Raschi A, Maracchi G (2017) Increasing
heatwave hazards in the southeastern European Union
capitals. Atmosphere 8:115–135
16. Perkins SE, Alexander LV (2013) On the measurement of heat waves. J Clim 26:4500–4517
17. Jian L, Scalley B, Xiao A, Nairn JR, Spicer T,
Somerford P, Ostendorf B, Weeramanthri T (2015) Is
excess heat factor a good Indicator for assessing
heatwave related health outcomes in Western
Australia? Int J Epidemiol 44:i65
18. Tong S, Wang XY, Barnett AG (2010) Assessment of
heat-related health impacts in Brisbane, Australia:
comparison of different heatwave definitions. PLoS
ONE 5:1–5
19. Robinson PJ (2001) On the definition of a heat wave.
J Appl Meteorol 40:762–775
20. Nairn J, Fawcett RJB (2015) The excess heat factor: a
metric for heatwave intensity and its use in classifying
heatwave severity. Int J Environ Res Public Health
12:227–253
21. Nairn JR, Fawcett R, Ray D (2009) Defining and
predicting excessive heat events, a national system.
In: CAWCR Technical Reports. Centre for Australian
Weather and Climate Research
22. Scalley BD, Spicer T, Jian L, Xiao A, Nairn JR,
Robertson AG, Weeramanthri T (2015) Responding
to heatwave intensity: excess heat factor is a superior
predictor of health service utilisation and a trigger for
heatwave plans. Aust N Z J Public Health 39:582–587
23. Fischer EM, Schär C (2010) Consistent geographical
patterns of changes in high-impact European
heatwaves. Nat Geosci 3:398–403
24. Steadman RG (1979) The assessment of sultriness.
Part I: a temperature-humidity index based on human
physiology and clothing science. J Appl Meteorol
18:861–873
25. Steadman RG (1984) A universal scale of apparent
temperature. J Clim Appl Meteorol 23:1674–1687
26. Frich P, Alexander L, Della-Marta P, Gleason B,
Haylock M, Klein Tank A, Peterson T (2002)
Measuring Heatwaves and Their Impacts
473
and prediction of heatwave impacts across sectors
would provide structure to the assessment of
heatwave impacts on many non-health domains.
Such a framework could be universally applied to
heatwave-affected sectors.
Useful outputs from the framework may include
risk mapping of vulnerable infrastructure/components of industry sector systems; estimated average
return periods for impacts; and economic cost evaluation under different scenarios.
Bibliography
1. McEvoy D, Ahmed I, Mullett J (2012) The impact of
the 2009 heat wave on Melbourne’s critical infrastructure. Local Environ 17:783–796
2. Queensland University of Technology (2010) Impacts
and adaptation response of infrastructure and communities to heatwaves: the southern Australian experience of 2009, Report for the National Climate
Change Adaptation Research Facility (NCCARF),
Gold Coast
3. Luber G, McGeehin M (2008) Climate change and
extreme heat events. Am J Prev Med 35:429–435
4. Lee WV (2014) Historical global analysis of occurrences and human casualty of extreme temperature
events (ETEs). Nat Hazards 70:1453–1505
5. Mora C, Dousset B, Caldwell IR, Powell FE, Geronimo RC, Bielecki CR, Counsell CW, Dietrich BS,
Johnston ET, Louis LV, Lucas MP, McKenzie MM,
Shea AG, Tseng H, Giambelluca T, Leon LR,
Hawkins E, Trauernicht C (2017) Global risk of
deadly heat. Nat Clim Chang 7:501–506
6. Newman JP, Maier HR, Riddell GA, Zecchin AC,
Daniell JE, Schaefer AM, Van Delden H, Khazai B,
O'Flaherty MJ, Newland CP (2017) Review of literature on decision support systems for natural hazard
risk reduction: current status and future research directions. Environ Model Softw 96:378–409
7. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(2012) Managing the risks of extreme events and
disasters to advance climate change adaptation: special
report of the intergovernmental panel on climate
change. IPCC, New York, p 582
8. Perkins SE, Alexander LV, Nairn JR (2012) Increasing
frequency, intensity and duration of observed global
heatwaves and warm spells. Geophys Res Lett 39:1–5
9. Mikellidou CV, Shakou LM, Boustras G, Dimopoulos
C (2018) Energy critical infrastructures at risk from
climate change: a state of the art review. Saf Sci
110:110–120
10. Hatvani-Kovacs G, Belusko M, Pockett J, Boland
J (2016) Assessment of heatwave impacts. Proc Eng
169:316–323
11. Van Delden H, Riddell GA, Vanhout R, Maier HR,
Newman JP, Zecchin AC, Dandy G (2019)
UNHaRMED framework report: a co-creation
approach for the development and use of decision
support systems for disaster risk reduction. Bushfire
and natural hazards CRC, Melbourne
12. Wilhelmi OV, Hayden MH (2010) Connecting people
and place: a new framework for reducing urban vulnerability to extreme heat. Environ Res Lett 5:1–7
13. Filosa G, Plovnick A, Stahl L, Miller R, Pickrell
D (2017) Vulnerability assessment and adaptation
framework, 3rd edn. Federal Highway Administration: Office of Planning, Environment & Realty,
Washington, DC, pp 1–86
14. Papathoma-Köhle M, Kappes M, Keiler M, Glade
T (2011) Physical vulnerability assessment for alpine
hazards: state of the art and future needs. Nat Hazards
58:645–680
15. Morabito M, Crisci A, Messeri A, Messeri G, Betti G,
Orlandini S, Raschi A, Maracchi G (2017) Increasing
heatwave hazards in the southeastern European Union
capitals. Atmosphere 8:115–135
16. Perkins SE, Alexander LV (2013) On the measurement of heat waves. J Clim 26:4500–4517
17. Jian L, Scalley B, Xiao A, Nairn JR, Spicer T,
Somerford P, Ostendorf B, Weeramanthri T (2015) Is
excess heat factor a good Indicator for assessing
heatwave related health outcomes in Western
Australia? Int J Epidemiol 44:i65
18. Tong S, Wang XY, Barnett AG (2010) Assessment of
heat-related health impacts in Brisbane, Australia:
comparison of different heatwave definitions. PLoS
ONE 5:1–5
19. Robinson PJ (2001) On the definition of a heat wave.
J Appl Meteorol 40:762–775
20. Nairn J, Fawcett RJB (2015) The excess heat factor: a
metric for heatwave intensity and its use in classifying
heatwave severity. Int J Environ Res Public Health
12:227–253
21. Nairn JR, Fawcett R, Ray D (2009) Defining and
predicting excessive heat events, a national system.
In: CAWCR Technical Reports. Centre for Australian
Weather and Climate Research
22. Scalley BD, Spicer T, Jian L, Xiao A, Nairn JR,
Robertson AG, Weeramanthri T (2015) Responding
to heatwave intensity: excess heat factor is a superior
predictor of health service utilisation and a trigger for
heatwave plans. Aust N Z J Public Health 39:582–587
23. Fischer EM, Schär C (2010) Consistent geographical
patterns of changes in high-impact European
heatwaves. Nat Geosci 3:398–403
24. Steadman RG (1979) The assessment of sultriness.
Part I: a temperature-humidity index based on human
physiology and clothing science. J Appl Meteorol
18:861–873
25. Steadman RG (1984) A universal scale of apparent
temperature. J Clim Appl Meteorol 23:1674–1687
26. Frich P, Alexander L, Della-Marta P, Gleason B,
Haylock M, Klein Tank A, Peterson T (2002)
Measuring Heatwaves and Their Impacts
473