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9th edn. W.H. Freeman, New York
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in semiconductors, vol 37. Springer, Berlin
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redundencies’ announced, British Telecommunications 21 Dec 2018
13. Apte JS et al (2017) High-resolution air pollution
mapping with google street view cars: exploiting
big data. Environ Sci Technol 51(12):6999–7008
14. Kumar P, Morawska L, Martani C, Biskos G, Neophytou M, Di Sabatino S, Bell M, Norford L, Britter
R (2015) The rise of low-costsensing for managing
air pollution in cities. Environ Int 75:199–205
15. Liu JH, Chen YF, Lin TS, Chen CP, Chen PT, Wen TH,
. . ., Jiang JA (2012). An air quality monitoring system
for urban areas based on the technology of wireless
sensor networks. Int J Smart Sens Intell Syst 5(1)
16. Steinle S, Reis S, Sabel CE (2013) Quantifying human
exposure to air pollution–moving from static monitoring to spatio-temporally resolved personal exposure
assessment. Sci Total Environ 443:184–193
17. Piedrahita R et al (2014) The next generation of lowcost personal air quality sensors for quantitative
exposure monitoring. Atmos Meas Tech
7(10):3325–3336
18. Good N et al (2016) The Fort Collins Commuter
Study: impact of route type and transport mode on
personal exposure to multiple air pollutants. J Expo
Sci Environ Epidemiol 26(4):397–404
19. Alvear O, Zema NR, Natalizio E, Calafate CT (2017)
Using UAV-based systems to moniter air pollution in
areas with poor accessibility. J Adv Transport, Volume 2017, Article ID 8204353, p 14
20. Sustainable Development Goals. https://sustainable
development.un.org. Accessed 7 Sep 2019
21. CDC – The National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health (NIOSH). [Online]. Available: https://www.
cdc.gov/niosh/index.htm. Accessed 25 Feb 2019
22. Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament
and of the council of 21 May 2008 on ambient air
quality and cleaner air for Europe, https://eur-lex.
europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32
008L0050, Accessed 7 Sep 2019
23. Air Quality Standards, https://ec.europa.eu/environ
ment/air/quality/standards.htm, Accessed 7 Sep 2019
24. WHO air quality guidelines for Europe, 2nd edition,
2000 (CD ROM version), 18-Mar-2017. [Online].
Available: http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/
environment-and-health/air-quality/publications/
pre2009/who-air-quality-guidelines-for-europe,-2ndedition,-2000-cd-rom-version. Accessed 20 Mar 2019
25. Danish Building Code, Ventilation (§420–§452),
https://bygningsreglementet.dk/Tekniske-bestemme
lser/22/vejledninger/General_vejledning/Kap-1_4,
Accessed 7 Sep 2019
26. Stocker TF (ed) (2013) IPCC in climate change 2013:
the physical science basis. Contribution of working
group I to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge
University Press
27. Godwin C, Batterman S (2007) Indoor air quality in
Michigan schools. Indoor Air 17:109–121
28. Miranda AI, Martins V, Cascão P, Amorim JH,
Valente J, Tavares R, Borrego C, Tchepel O, Ferreira
AJ, Cordeiro CR, Viegas DX (2010) Monitoring of
firefighters exposure to smoke during fire experiments in Portugal. Environ Int 36(7):736–745
29. Lewné M, Nise G, Lind M-L, Gustavsson P (2006)
Exposure to particles and nitrogen dioxide among
taxi, bus and lorry drivers. Int Arch Occup Environ
Health 79(3):220–226
30. Popoola OAM et al (2018) Use of networks of low
cost air quality sensors to quantify air quality in urban
settings. Atmos Environ 194:58–70
31. Apte JS, Messier KP, Gani S, Brauer M, Kirchstetter
TW, Lunden MM, Marshall JD, Portier CJ,
Vermeulen RC, Hamburg SP (2017) High-resolution
air pollution mapping with google street views
cars: exploiting big data. Environ Sci Technol
51(12):6999–7008
32. Lin C et al (2018) High performance colorimetric
carbon monoxide sensor for continuous personal
exposure monitoring. ACS Sens 3(2):327–333
33. Holøs SB, Yang A, Lind M, Thunshelle K, Schild P,
Mysen M (2018) VOC emission rates in newly built and
renovated buildings, and the influence of ventilation – a
review and meta-analysis. Int J Vent:1–14
34. Jo W-K, Song K-B (2001) Exposure to volatile
organic compounds for individuals with occupations
associated with potential exposure to motor vehicle
exhaust and/or gasoline vapor emissions, Sci Total
Environ 269(1–3):25–37
35. Hagan DH et al (2017) Calibration and assessment of
electrochemical air quality sensors by co-location
with regulatory-grade instruments. Atmos Meas
Tech 11(1):315–328
36. Hensen A, Skiba U, Famulari D (2013) Low cost and
state of the art methods to measure nitrous oxide
emissions. Environ Res Lett 8(2):025022
37. Tokura A, Asobe M, Enbutsu K, Yoshihara T,
Hashida S, Takenouchi H (2013) Real-time N2O gas
detection system for agricultural production using a
4.6-mm-band laser source based on a periodically
poled LiNbO3 ridge waveguide. Sensors 13(8):
9999–10013
38. Bochenkov VE, Seergev GB (eds) (2010) Metal
oxide nanostructures and their applications. American Scientific Publisher. Valeucia, California, USA
39. Tung RT (2001) Recent advances in Schottky barrier
concepts. Mater Sci Eng R Rep 35(1):1–138
40. Moore JH, Coplan MA, Davis C (1983) Building
scientific apparatus. Addison-Wesley. Boston,
Massachussetts, USA
41. Shannon CE (1948) A mathematical theory of communication. Bell Syst Tech J 27:379–423
450
Low-Cost Sensors for Indoor and Outdoor Pollution
19(9):6313–6329
10. Harris DC (2007) Quantitative chemical analysis,
9th edn. W.H. Freeman, New York
11. Böer KW (2010) Introduction to space charge effects
in semiconductors, vol 37. Springer, Berlin
12. Chas Early, December 30, 1986: Coal mine canaries
redundencies’ announced, British Telecommunications 21 Dec 2018
13. Apte JS et al (2017) High-resolution air pollution
mapping with google street view cars: exploiting
big data. Environ Sci Technol 51(12):6999–7008
14. Kumar P, Morawska L, Martani C, Biskos G, Neophytou M, Di Sabatino S, Bell M, Norford L, Britter
R (2015) The rise of low-costsensing for managing
air pollution in cities. Environ Int 75:199–205
15. Liu JH, Chen YF, Lin TS, Chen CP, Chen PT, Wen TH,
. . ., Jiang JA (2012). An air quality monitoring system
for urban areas based on the technology of wireless
sensor networks. Int J Smart Sens Intell Syst 5(1)
16. Steinle S, Reis S, Sabel CE (2013) Quantifying human
exposure to air pollution–moving from static monitoring to spatio-temporally resolved personal exposure
assessment. Sci Total Environ 443:184–193
17. Piedrahita R et al (2014) The next generation of lowcost personal air quality sensors for quantitative
exposure monitoring. Atmos Meas Tech
7(10):3325–3336
18. Good N et al (2016) The Fort Collins Commuter
Study: impact of route type and transport mode on
personal exposure to multiple air pollutants. J Expo
Sci Environ Epidemiol 26(4):397–404
19. Alvear O, Zema NR, Natalizio E, Calafate CT (2017)
Using UAV-based systems to moniter air pollution in
areas with poor accessibility. J Adv Transport, Volume 2017, Article ID 8204353, p 14
20. Sustainable Development Goals. https://sustainable
development.un.org. Accessed 7 Sep 2019
21. CDC – The National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health (NIOSH). [Online]. Available: https://www.
cdc.gov/niosh/index.htm. Accessed 25 Feb 2019
22. Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament
and of the council of 21 May 2008 on ambient air
quality and cleaner air for Europe, https://eur-lex.
europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32
008L0050, Accessed 7 Sep 2019
23. Air Quality Standards, https://ec.europa.eu/environ
ment/air/quality/standards.htm, Accessed 7 Sep 2019
24. WHO air quality guidelines for Europe, 2nd edition,
2000 (CD ROM version), 18-Mar-2017. [Online].
Available: http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/
environment-and-health/air-quality/publications/
pre2009/who-air-quality-guidelines-for-europe,-2ndedition,-2000-cd-rom-version. Accessed 20 Mar 2019
25. Danish Building Code, Ventilation (§420–§452),
https://bygningsreglementet.dk/Tekniske-bestemme
lser/22/vejledninger/General_vejledning/Kap-1_4,
Accessed 7 Sep 2019
26. Stocker TF (ed) (2013) IPCC in climate change 2013:
the physical science basis. Contribution of working
group I to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge
University Press
27. Godwin C, Batterman S (2007) Indoor air quality in
Michigan schools. Indoor Air 17:109–121
28. Miranda AI, Martins V, Cascão P, Amorim JH,
Valente J, Tavares R, Borrego C, Tchepel O, Ferreira
AJ, Cordeiro CR, Viegas DX (2010) Monitoring of
firefighters exposure to smoke during fire experiments in Portugal. Environ Int 36(7):736–745
29. Lewné M, Nise G, Lind M-L, Gustavsson P (2006)
Exposure to particles and nitrogen dioxide among
taxi, bus and lorry drivers. Int Arch Occup Environ
Health 79(3):220–226
30. Popoola OAM et al (2018) Use of networks of low
cost air quality sensors to quantify air quality in urban
settings. Atmos Environ 194:58–70
31. Apte JS, Messier KP, Gani S, Brauer M, Kirchstetter
TW, Lunden MM, Marshall JD, Portier CJ,
Vermeulen RC, Hamburg SP (2017) High-resolution
air pollution mapping with google street views
cars: exploiting big data. Environ Sci Technol
51(12):6999–7008
32. Lin C et al (2018) High performance colorimetric
carbon monoxide sensor for continuous personal
exposure monitoring. ACS Sens 3(2):327–333
33. Holøs SB, Yang A, Lind M, Thunshelle K, Schild P,
Mysen M (2018) VOC emission rates in newly built and
renovated buildings, and the influence of ventilation – a
review and meta-analysis. Int J Vent:1–14
34. Jo W-K, Song K-B (2001) Exposure to volatile
organic compounds for individuals with occupations
associated with potential exposure to motor vehicle
exhaust and/or gasoline vapor emissions, Sci Total
Environ 269(1–3):25–37
35. Hagan DH et al (2017) Calibration and assessment of
electrochemical air quality sensors by co-location
with regulatory-grade instruments. Atmos Meas
Tech 11(1):315–328
36. Hensen A, Skiba U, Famulari D (2013) Low cost and
state of the art methods to measure nitrous oxide
emissions. Environ Res Lett 8(2):025022
37. Tokura A, Asobe M, Enbutsu K, Yoshihara T,
Hashida S, Takenouchi H (2013) Real-time N2O gas
detection system for agricultural production using a
4.6-mm-band laser source based on a periodically
poled LiNbO3 ridge waveguide. Sensors 13(8):
9999–10013
38. Bochenkov VE, Seergev GB (eds) (2010) Metal
oxide nanostructures and their applications. American Scientific Publisher. Valeucia, California, USA
39. Tung RT (2001) Recent advances in Schottky barrier
concepts. Mater Sci Eng R Rep 35(1):1–138
40. Moore JH, Coplan MA, Davis C (1983) Building
scientific apparatus. Addison-Wesley. Boston,
Massachussetts, USA
41. Shannon CE (1948) A mathematical theory of communication. Bell Syst Tech J 27:379–423
450
Low-Cost Sensors for Indoor and Outdoor Pollution