equipment in an environmental chamber. Build Environ 36:837–842
31. Jerret M, Burnett RT, Pope A III, Ito K, Thurston G,
Krewski D, Shi Y, Calle E, Thun M (1995) Longterm ozone exposure and mortality. N Engl J Med
360:1085–1095
32. Schwartz J, Morris R (1995) Air pollution and hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease in Detroit,
Michigan. Am J Epidemiol 142:23–35
33. Beeson WL, Abbey DE, Knutsen SF (1998) Long-term
concentrations of ambient air pollutants and incident
lung cancer in California adults: results from the
AHSMOG study. Environ Health Perspect 106:813–823
34. Woodruff TJ, Grillo J, Schoendorf KC (1997) The
relationship between selected causes of postneonatal
infant mortality and particulate air pollution in the
United States. Environ Health Perspect 105:608–612
35. Pope CA III, Thun MJ, Namboodiri MM, Dockery
DW, Evans JS, Speizer FE, Heath CW Jr (1995) Particulate air pollution as a predictor of mortality in a
prospective study of US adults. Am J Respir Crit
Care Med 151:669–674
36. Pope CA III, Burnett RT, Thun MJ, Calle EE,
Krewski D, Ito K, Thurston GD (2002) Lung cancer,
cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure
to fine particulate air pollution. J Am Med Assoc
287:1132–1141
37. Stölzel M, Breitner S, Cyrys J, Pitz M, Wölke G,
Kreyling W, Heinrich J, Wichmann H-E, Peters
A (2007) Daily mortality and particulate matter in
different size classes in Erfurt, Germany. J Expo Sci
Environ Epidemiol 17:458–467
38. Delfino RJ, Sioutas C, Malik S (2005) Potential role
of ultrafine particles in associations between airborne
particle mass and cardiovascular health. Environ
Health Perspect 113:934–946
39. Li N, Sioutas C, Cho A, Schmitz D, Misra C,
Sempf J, Wang M, Oberley T, Froines J, Nel
A (2003) Ultrafine particulate pollutants induce oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. Environ
Health Perspect 111:455–460
40. Vinzents PS, Møller P, Sørensen M, Knudsen LE,
Hertel O, Jensen FP, Schibye B, Loft S (2005) Personal
exposure to ultrafine particles and oxidative DNA damage. Environ Health Perspect 113:1485–1490
41. Knol A, de Hartog JJ, Boogaard H, Slottje P, van der
Sluijs JP, Lebret E, Cassee FR, Wardekker A, Ayres
JG, Brom PJ, Brunekreef B, Donaldson K,
Forastiere F, Holgate ST, Kreyling WG, Nemery B,
Pekkanen J, Stone V, Wichmann H-E, Hoek G (2009)
Expert elicitation on ultrafine particles: likelihood of
health effects and causal pathways. Part Fibre Toxicol
6:19. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-8977-6-19
42. Finkelstein MM, Jerrett M (2007) A study of the
relationships between Parkinson’s disease and
markers of traffic-derived and environmental manganese air pollution in two Canadian cities. Environ Res
104:420–432
43. Ewan KB, Pamphlett R (1996) Increased inorganic
mercury in spinal motor neurons following chelating
agents. Neurotoxicology 17:343–349
44. Dockery DW (2009) Health effects of particulate air
pollution. Ann Epidemiol 19:257–263
45. Pope CA, Ezzati M, Dockery DW (2009) Fineparticulate air pollution and life expectancy in the
United States. N Engl J Med 360:376–386
46. Likens GE, Driscoll CT, Buso DC, Mitchell MJ,
Lovett GM, Bailey TG, Reiners WA, Alewell
C (2002) The biogeochemistry of sulfur at Hubbard
brook. Biogeochemistry 60:235–315
47. Likens GE, Driscoll CT, Buso DC (1996) Long-term
effects of acid rain: response and recovery of a forest
eco-system. Science 272:244–246
48. Tomlinson GH (2003) Acidic deposition, nutrient
leaching and forest growth. Biogeochemistry 65:51–81
49. Rechcigl JE, Sparks DL (1985) Effects of acid rain on
the soil environment: a review. Commun Soil Sci
Plant Anal 16:653–680
50. Koricheva J, Roy S, Vranjic JA, Haukioja E, Hughes
PR, Hanninen O (1997) Antioxidant responses to
simulated acid rain and heavy metal deposition in
birch seedlings. Environ Pollut 95:249–258
51. Kratky BA, Fukunaga ET, Hylin JW, Nakano RT
(1974) Volcanic air pollution: deleterious effects on
tomatoes. J Environ Qual 3:138–140
52. Lazarus BE, Schaberg PG, Hawley G, DeHayes DH
(2006) Landscape-scale spatial patterns of winter
injury to red spruce foliage in a year of heavy
region-wide injury. Can J For Res 36:142–152
53. Haines TA (1981) Acidic precipitation and its consequences for aquatic ecosystems: a review. Trans Am
Fish Soc 110:669–707
54. Yi H, Hao J, Tang X (2006) Atmospheric environmental protection in China: current status, developmental trend and research emphasis. Energy Policy
35:907–915
55. Grantz DA, Garner JHB, Johnson DW (2003) Ecological effects of particulate matter. Environ Int
29:213–239
56. WHO (World Health Organization) (1991) Environmental health criteria 118: inorganic mercury. World
Health Organization, Geneva
57. Kelting DL, Burger JA, Edwards GS (1995) The
effects of ozone on the root dynamics of seedlings
and mature red oaks (Quercus rubra L.). For Ecol
Manag 79:197–206
58. Lefohn AS, Jackson W, Shadwick DS, Knudsen HP
(1997) Effect of surface ozone exposures on vegetation grown in the southern Appalachian Mountains:
identification of possible areas of concern. Atmos
Environ 31: 1695–1708
59. Laurence JA (1998) Ecological effects of ozone:
integrating exposure and response with ecosystem
dynamics and function. Environ Sci Pol 1:179–184
60. Ren W, Tian H, Liu M, Zhang C, Chen G, Pan S,
Felzer B, Xu X (2007) Effects of tropospheric ozone
pollution on net primary productivity and carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems of China. J Geophys Res
112:D22S09. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008521
61. Zhang Y, Zhu X, Slanina S, Shao M, Zeng L, Hu M,
Bergin M, Salmon L (2004) Aerosol pollution in
some Chinese cities. Pure Appl Chem 76:1227–1239
Air Pollution Monitoring and Sustainability
419
31. Jerret M, Burnett RT, Pope A III, Ito K, Thurston G,
Krewski D, Shi Y, Calle E, Thun M (1995) Longterm ozone exposure and mortality. N Engl J Med
360:1085–1095
32. Schwartz J, Morris R (1995) Air pollution and hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease in Detroit,
Michigan. Am J Epidemiol 142:23–35
33. Beeson WL, Abbey DE, Knutsen SF (1998) Long-term
concentrations of ambient air pollutants and incident
lung cancer in California adults: results from the
AHSMOG study. Environ Health Perspect 106:813–823
34. Woodruff TJ, Grillo J, Schoendorf KC (1997) The
relationship between selected causes of postneonatal
infant mortality and particulate air pollution in the
United States. Environ Health Perspect 105:608–612
35. Pope CA III, Thun MJ, Namboodiri MM, Dockery
DW, Evans JS, Speizer FE, Heath CW Jr (1995) Particulate air pollution as a predictor of mortality in a
prospective study of US adults. Am J Respir Crit
Care Med 151:669–674
36. Pope CA III, Burnett RT, Thun MJ, Calle EE,
Krewski D, Ito K, Thurston GD (2002) Lung cancer,
cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure
to fine particulate air pollution. J Am Med Assoc
287:1132–1141
37. Stölzel M, Breitner S, Cyrys J, Pitz M, Wölke G,
Kreyling W, Heinrich J, Wichmann H-E, Peters
A (2007) Daily mortality and particulate matter in
different size classes in Erfurt, Germany. J Expo Sci
Environ Epidemiol 17:458–467
38. Delfino RJ, Sioutas C, Malik S (2005) Potential role
of ultrafine particles in associations between airborne
particle mass and cardiovascular health. Environ
Health Perspect 113:934–946
39. Li N, Sioutas C, Cho A, Schmitz D, Misra C,
Sempf J, Wang M, Oberley T, Froines J, Nel
A (2003) Ultrafine particulate pollutants induce oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. Environ
Health Perspect 111:455–460
40. Vinzents PS, Møller P, Sørensen M, Knudsen LE,
Hertel O, Jensen FP, Schibye B, Loft S (2005) Personal
exposure to ultrafine particles and oxidative DNA damage. Environ Health Perspect 113:1485–1490
41. Knol A, de Hartog JJ, Boogaard H, Slottje P, van der
Sluijs JP, Lebret E, Cassee FR, Wardekker A, Ayres
JG, Brom PJ, Brunekreef B, Donaldson K,
Forastiere F, Holgate ST, Kreyling WG, Nemery B,
Pekkanen J, Stone V, Wichmann H-E, Hoek G (2009)
Expert elicitation on ultrafine particles: likelihood of
health effects and causal pathways. Part Fibre Toxicol
6:19. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-8977-6-19
42. Finkelstein MM, Jerrett M (2007) A study of the
relationships between Parkinson’s disease and
markers of traffic-derived and environmental manganese air pollution in two Canadian cities. Environ Res
104:420–432
43. Ewan KB, Pamphlett R (1996) Increased inorganic
mercury in spinal motor neurons following chelating
agents. Neurotoxicology 17:343–349
44. Dockery DW (2009) Health effects of particulate air
pollution. Ann Epidemiol 19:257–263
45. Pope CA, Ezzati M, Dockery DW (2009) Fineparticulate air pollution and life expectancy in the
United States. N Engl J Med 360:376–386
46. Likens GE, Driscoll CT, Buso DC, Mitchell MJ,
Lovett GM, Bailey TG, Reiners WA, Alewell
C (2002) The biogeochemistry of sulfur at Hubbard
brook. Biogeochemistry 60:235–315
47. Likens GE, Driscoll CT, Buso DC (1996) Long-term
effects of acid rain: response and recovery of a forest
eco-system. Science 272:244–246
48. Tomlinson GH (2003) Acidic deposition, nutrient
leaching and forest growth. Biogeochemistry 65:51–81
49. Rechcigl JE, Sparks DL (1985) Effects of acid rain on
the soil environment: a review. Commun Soil Sci
Plant Anal 16:653–680
50. Koricheva J, Roy S, Vranjic JA, Haukioja E, Hughes
PR, Hanninen O (1997) Antioxidant responses to
simulated acid rain and heavy metal deposition in
birch seedlings. Environ Pollut 95:249–258
51. Kratky BA, Fukunaga ET, Hylin JW, Nakano RT
(1974) Volcanic air pollution: deleterious effects on
tomatoes. J Environ Qual 3:138–140
52. Lazarus BE, Schaberg PG, Hawley G, DeHayes DH
(2006) Landscape-scale spatial patterns of winter
injury to red spruce foliage in a year of heavy
region-wide injury. Can J For Res 36:142–152
53. Haines TA (1981) Acidic precipitation and its consequences for aquatic ecosystems: a review. Trans Am
Fish Soc 110:669–707
54. Yi H, Hao J, Tang X (2006) Atmospheric environmental protection in China: current status, developmental trend and research emphasis. Energy Policy
35:907–915
55. Grantz DA, Garner JHB, Johnson DW (2003) Ecological effects of particulate matter. Environ Int
29:213–239
56. WHO (World Health Organization) (1991) Environmental health criteria 118: inorganic mercury. World
Health Organization, Geneva
57. Kelting DL, Burger JA, Edwards GS (1995) The
effects of ozone on the root dynamics of seedlings
and mature red oaks (Quercus rubra L.). For Ecol
Manag 79:197–206
58. Lefohn AS, Jackson W, Shadwick DS, Knudsen HP
(1997) Effect of surface ozone exposures on vegetation grown in the southern Appalachian Mountains:
identification of possible areas of concern. Atmos
Environ 31: 1695–1708
59. Laurence JA (1998) Ecological effects of ozone:
integrating exposure and response with ecosystem
dynamics and function. Environ Sci Pol 1:179–184
60. Ren W, Tian H, Liu M, Zhang C, Chen G, Pan S,
Felzer B, Xu X (2007) Effects of tropospheric ozone
pollution on net primary productivity and carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems of China. J Geophys Res
112:D22S09. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008521
61. Zhang Y, Zhu X, Slanina S, Shao M, Zeng L, Hu M,
Bergin M, Salmon L (2004) Aerosol pollution in
some Chinese cities. Pure Appl Chem 76:1227–1239
Air Pollution Monitoring and Sustainability
419