nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. World Health
Organisation, Copenhagen
18. Air Quality Expert Group (2007) Trends in primary
nitrogen dioxide in the UK, Fourth report of the Air
Quality Expert Group. DEFRA, London
19. Maynard RL (2009) Health effects of urban pollution.
In: Hester RE, Harrison RM (eds) Air quality in urban
environments. Issues in environmental science and
technology, vol 28. Royal Society of Chemistry,
London, pp 108–128
20. Jacobson MZ (2007) Effects of ethanol (E85) versus
gasoline vehicles on cancer and mortality in the United
States. Environ Sci Technol 41:4150–4157
21. Andrae MO, Merlet P (2001) Emission of trace gases
and aerosols from biomass burning. Glob Biogeochem
Cycles 15:955–966
22. Leighton PA (1961) Photochemistry of air pollution.
Academic, New York
23. Bloss WJ (2009) Atmospheric chemical processes of
importance in cities. In: Hester RE, Harrison RM (eds)
Air quality in urban environments. Issues in environmental science and technology, vol 28. Royal Society
of Chemistry, London, pp 42–64
24. Wayne RP (2001) Chemistry of atmospheres. Oxford
University Press, Oxford
25. Jenkin ME, Davies TJ, Stedman JR (2002) The origin
and day-of-week dependence of photochemical ozone
episodes in the UK. Atmos Environ 36:999–1012
26. Emmerson KM, Carslaw N, Carslaw DC, Lee JD,
McFiggans G, Bloss WJ, Gravestock T, Heard DE,
Hopkins J, Ingham T, Pilling MJ, Smith SC, Jacob M,
Monks PS (2007) Free radical modelling studies during the UK TORCH campaign in summer 2003.
Atmos Chem Phys 7:167–181
27. Wood EC, Herndon SC, Onasch TB, Kroll JH,
Canagaratna MR, Kolb CE, Worsnop DR, Neuman
JA, Seila R, Zavala M, Knighton WB (2009) A case
study of ozone production, nitrogen oxides, and the
radical budget in Mexico city. Atmos Chem Phys
9:2499–2517
28. Derwent RG, Jenkin ME, Saunders SM (1996) Photochemical ozone creation potentials for a large number
of reactive hydrocarbons under European conditions.
Atmos Environ 30:181–199
29. Yin J, Harrison RM (2007) Pragmatic mass closure
study for PM 10 , PM 2.5 and PM 10 at roadside, urban
background and rural sites. Atmos Environ
42:980–988
30. Zhang Q et al (2007) Ubiquity and dominance of
oxygenated species in organic aerosols in
anthropogenically-influenced northern hemisphere
midlatitudes. Geophys Res Lett 34: L13801. https://
doi.org/10.1029/2007GL029979
31. Volz A, Kley D (1988) Evaluation of the montsouris
series of ozone measurements made in the nineteenth
century. Nature 332:240–242
32. Derwent RG, Simmonds PG, Manning AJ, Spain TG
(2007) Trends over a twenty year period from
1987–2006 in surface ozone at the atmospheric
research station at Mace Head, Ireland. Atmos Environ
41:9091–9098
33. Raes F, Hjorth J (2006) Answers to the Urbino questions. ACCENT Secretariat, Universita di Urbino,
Italy. . ISBN 92-79-02413-2
34. Air Quality Expert Group (2009) Ozone in the United
Kingdom. Fifth report of the Air Quality Expert
Group, DEFRA, London
35. Harrison RM, Stedman J, Derwent D (2008) New
directions: why are PM 10 concentrations in Europe
not falling? Atmos Environ 42:603–606
36. Fang M, Chan CK, Yao X (2009) Managing air quality
in a rapidly developing nation: China. Atmos Environ
43:79–86
37. Lee JD et al (2006) Ozone photochemistry and elevated isoprene during the UK heatwave of August
2003. Atmos Environ 40:7598–7613
Books and Reviews
Ayres J, Maynard RM, Richards R (eds) (2006) Air pollution and health. Imperial College Press reports of the air
quality expert group DEFRA, UK, London
Brimblecombe P (1987) The big smoke. Methuen, London
Brimblecome P, Maynard RL (2001) The urban atmosphere and its effects. Air pollution reviews,
vol 1. Imperial College Press, London
Fenger J (1999) Urban air quality. Atmos Environ
33:4877–4900
Harrison RM, Hester RE (eds) (2009) Air quality in urban
environments. Issues in environmental science and
technology, vol 28. Royal Society of Chemistry,
Cambridge
Holloway AM, Wayne RP (2010) Atmospheric chemistry.
RSC, Cambridge
Singh HB, Brimblecome P, Veenstra F (2009) Atmospheric
environment special issue fifty years of endeavour and
papers therein. Atmos Environ 43:1
Tiwary A, Colls J (2010) Air pollution: measurement,
modelling and mitigation, vol 3. Routledge, London
WHO/UNEP (1992) Urban air pollution in megacities of
the World. Blackwell, Oxford
WHO (2006) Air quality guidelines. Global update 2005.
Particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur
dioxide. World Health Organisation, Copenhagen
228
Urban Atmospheric Composition Processes
Organisation, Copenhagen
18. Air Quality Expert Group (2007) Trends in primary
nitrogen dioxide in the UK, Fourth report of the Air
Quality Expert Group. DEFRA, London
19. Maynard RL (2009) Health effects of urban pollution.
In: Hester RE, Harrison RM (eds) Air quality in urban
environments. Issues in environmental science and
technology, vol 28. Royal Society of Chemistry,
London, pp 108–128
20. Jacobson MZ (2007) Effects of ethanol (E85) versus
gasoline vehicles on cancer and mortality in the United
States. Environ Sci Technol 41:4150–4157
21. Andrae MO, Merlet P (2001) Emission of trace gases
and aerosols from biomass burning. Glob Biogeochem
Cycles 15:955–966
22. Leighton PA (1961) Photochemistry of air pollution.
Academic, New York
23. Bloss WJ (2009) Atmospheric chemical processes of
importance in cities. In: Hester RE, Harrison RM (eds)
Air quality in urban environments. Issues in environmental science and technology, vol 28. Royal Society
of Chemistry, London, pp 42–64
24. Wayne RP (2001) Chemistry of atmospheres. Oxford
University Press, Oxford
25. Jenkin ME, Davies TJ, Stedman JR (2002) The origin
and day-of-week dependence of photochemical ozone
episodes in the UK. Atmos Environ 36:999–1012
26. Emmerson KM, Carslaw N, Carslaw DC, Lee JD,
McFiggans G, Bloss WJ, Gravestock T, Heard DE,
Hopkins J, Ingham T, Pilling MJ, Smith SC, Jacob M,
Monks PS (2007) Free radical modelling studies during the UK TORCH campaign in summer 2003.
Atmos Chem Phys 7:167–181
27. Wood EC, Herndon SC, Onasch TB, Kroll JH,
Canagaratna MR, Kolb CE, Worsnop DR, Neuman
JA, Seila R, Zavala M, Knighton WB (2009) A case
study of ozone production, nitrogen oxides, and the
radical budget in Mexico city. Atmos Chem Phys
9:2499–2517
28. Derwent RG, Jenkin ME, Saunders SM (1996) Photochemical ozone creation potentials for a large number
of reactive hydrocarbons under European conditions.
Atmos Environ 30:181–199
29. Yin J, Harrison RM (2007) Pragmatic mass closure
study for PM 10 , PM 2.5 and PM 10 at roadside, urban
background and rural sites. Atmos Environ
42:980–988
30. Zhang Q et al (2007) Ubiquity and dominance of
oxygenated species in organic aerosols in
anthropogenically-influenced northern hemisphere
midlatitudes. Geophys Res Lett 34: L13801. https://
doi.org/10.1029/2007GL029979
31. Volz A, Kley D (1988) Evaluation of the montsouris
series of ozone measurements made in the nineteenth
century. Nature 332:240–242
32. Derwent RG, Simmonds PG, Manning AJ, Spain TG
(2007) Trends over a twenty year period from
1987–2006 in surface ozone at the atmospheric
research station at Mace Head, Ireland. Atmos Environ
41:9091–9098
33. Raes F, Hjorth J (2006) Answers to the Urbino questions. ACCENT Secretariat, Universita di Urbino,
Italy. . ISBN 92-79-02413-2
34. Air Quality Expert Group (2009) Ozone in the United
Kingdom. Fifth report of the Air Quality Expert
Group, DEFRA, London
35. Harrison RM, Stedman J, Derwent D (2008) New
directions: why are PM 10 concentrations in Europe
not falling? Atmos Environ 42:603–606
36. Fang M, Chan CK, Yao X (2009) Managing air quality
in a rapidly developing nation: China. Atmos Environ
43:79–86
37. Lee JD et al (2006) Ozone photochemistry and elevated isoprene during the UK heatwave of August
2003. Atmos Environ 40:7598–7613
Books and Reviews
Ayres J, Maynard RM, Richards R (eds) (2006) Air pollution and health. Imperial College Press reports of the air
quality expert group DEFRA, UK, London
Brimblecombe P (1987) The big smoke. Methuen, London
Brimblecome P, Maynard RL (2001) The urban atmosphere and its effects. Air pollution reviews,
vol 1. Imperial College Press, London
Fenger J (1999) Urban air quality. Atmos Environ
33:4877–4900
Harrison RM, Hester RE (eds) (2009) Air quality in urban
environments. Issues in environmental science and
technology, vol 28. Royal Society of Chemistry,
Cambridge
Holloway AM, Wayne RP (2010) Atmospheric chemistry.
RSC, Cambridge
Singh HB, Brimblecome P, Veenstra F (2009) Atmospheric
environment special issue fifty years of endeavour and
papers therein. Atmos Environ 43:1
Tiwary A, Colls J (2010) Air pollution: measurement,
modelling and mitigation, vol 3. Routledge, London
WHO/UNEP (1992) Urban air pollution in megacities of
the World. Blackwell, Oxford
WHO (2006) Air quality guidelines. Global update 2005.
Particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur
dioxide. World Health Organisation, Copenhagen
228
Urban Atmospheric Composition Processes