vii
Contents
Foreword
xiii
Endorsement
xv
Preface
xvii
About the Author
xix
1 Durability and service life
1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Durability and service life 4
1.3 Strategies and cost 7
1.4 Durable concrete 9
1.4.1 Fundamental background of concrete durability 9
1.4.2 Water/cement ratio 11
1.4.3 Cement content 12
1.4.4 Cement type 13
1.4.5 Strength 13
1.4.6 Casting and curing 14
1.5 Practical durability approach 17
1.5.1 Typical code provisions 17
1.5.2 Some critical reflection on typical code provisions 20
1.5.3 Equivalent concrete performance concept (ECPC) 21
1.5.4 Durability indicators 22
1.6 More advanced durability design 23
References 27
2 Inappropriate design
29
2.1 Introduction 29
2.2 Inappropriate dimensions and detailing 30
2.2.1 Collapse of the Melle Bridge, Belgium, 1991 31