Environmental Bioethics, Sustainable Development and Social …
553
other (Junges 2006). Other more specific paradigms that could be cited, e.g., are the
models of North America, Latin America, or Europe (virtue bioethics, interventionist,
care bioethics, etc.).
2 Environmental Bioethics
By publishing his first book, Potter (1971) recognised the interrelationship between
human life and nature as evidence-based information. Thus, it knew that humans are
situated in a natural environment and sought to reflect on this connection involving
not only health but health as part of a holistic whole in the world.
In 1988, Potter published his second and last book, entitled “Global Bioethics:
Building on the Leopold Legacy” (Potter 1988). In this work, he reflects on the
return of Global Bioethics to earthly origins as a way of re-living the relation with
nature and ecology harmoniously and regretting the fact that bioethics was forgotten
as a proposal to combine human values with ecological facts. Potter established the
initial milestone in the study of environmental bioethics, as it established a connection
between medicine and ecological and environmental conservation, opening doors for
the study of SD and SR (Carlotto and Dinis 2018c; Richie 2014).
For Daniel Callahan, a respected Hastings Center bioethicist in the USA (Callahan
2015), the paradoxes surrounding the issues of life and death, pain and suffering,
law and the power to control one’s life, including responsibility for oneself and
others. Health and well-being are among the oldest issues of humanity. He suggests
that bioethics is not only an intersection of ethics and life sciences, but also an
academic discipline, as well as a vehicle for policymaking in medicine, biology, and
environmental research, as well as providing a multicultural perspective (Gluchman
2015).
Strictly speaking, bioethics is a new discipline that originated in the search for
answers to new scientific and technological challenges. In a broader sense, it can be
described as an area that dialogues with law, politics, literary, cultural, and historical
studies, as well as with media, philosophy, religion, and literature. The main task of
bioethics is to formulate a question that requires a solution at any level, whether in
clinical practice or at a political or legal level (Callahan 2015; Gluchman 2015).
Environmental impact on health, SD and SR point to ethical issues about environmental management and its relationship to health and HP actions. A concern with
the management of terrestrial ecosystems leads to a reevaluation of health practices
to provide a balance between social and environmental responsibilities, taking into
account guiding aspects of both medical ethics and environmental ethics. Thus, the
bioethical argument for valuing and reinforcing the issues involving SD and RS stems
from ethical commitments common to both medical ethics and environmental ethics.
The concept involving environmental bioethics is based on the condition that it
reflects human health as dependent on the health of the ecosystem in which humans
live. This holistic concept enables individuals to develop a sense of SR by connecting
with others and the natural environment (Jameton and Pierce 2001).
553
other (Junges 2006). Other more specific paradigms that could be cited, e.g., are the
models of North America, Latin America, or Europe (virtue bioethics, interventionist,
care bioethics, etc.).
2 Environmental Bioethics
By publishing his first book, Potter (1971) recognised the interrelationship between
human life and nature as evidence-based information. Thus, it knew that humans are
situated in a natural environment and sought to reflect on this connection involving
not only health but health as part of a holistic whole in the world.
In 1988, Potter published his second and last book, entitled “Global Bioethics:
Building on the Leopold Legacy” (Potter 1988). In this work, he reflects on the
return of Global Bioethics to earthly origins as a way of re-living the relation with
nature and ecology harmoniously and regretting the fact that bioethics was forgotten
as a proposal to combine human values with ecological facts. Potter established the
initial milestone in the study of environmental bioethics, as it established a connection
between medicine and ecological and environmental conservation, opening doors for
the study of SD and SR (Carlotto and Dinis 2018c; Richie 2014).
For Daniel Callahan, a respected Hastings Center bioethicist in the USA (Callahan
2015), the paradoxes surrounding the issues of life and death, pain and suffering,
law and the power to control one’s life, including responsibility for oneself and
others. Health and well-being are among the oldest issues of humanity. He suggests
that bioethics is not only an intersection of ethics and life sciences, but also an
academic discipline, as well as a vehicle for policymaking in medicine, biology, and
environmental research, as well as providing a multicultural perspective (Gluchman
2015).
Strictly speaking, bioethics is a new discipline that originated in the search for
answers to new scientific and technological challenges. In a broader sense, it can be
described as an area that dialogues with law, politics, literary, cultural, and historical
studies, as well as with media, philosophy, religion, and literature. The main task of
bioethics is to formulate a question that requires a solution at any level, whether in
clinical practice or at a political or legal level (Callahan 2015; Gluchman 2015).
Environmental impact on health, SD and SR point to ethical issues about environmental management and its relationship to health and HP actions. A concern with
the management of terrestrial ecosystems leads to a reevaluation of health practices
to provide a balance between social and environmental responsibilities, taking into
account guiding aspects of both medical ethics and environmental ethics. Thus, the
bioethical argument for valuing and reinforcing the issues involving SD and RS stems
from ethical commitments common to both medical ethics and environmental ethics.
The concept involving environmental bioethics is based on the condition that it
reflects human health as dependent on the health of the ecosystem in which humans
live. This holistic concept enables individuals to develop a sense of SR by connecting
with others and the natural environment (Jameton and Pierce 2001).