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F. A. Z. Contador and O. Canciglieri Junior
5 Systematic Literature Review and Content Analyses
A systematic literature review was carried out and allowed the identification of 13
most relevant articles to the research composed of the three macro subjects previously
addressed. The content analysis of the full articles of Kwangho et al. (2009), Rozenfeld et al. (2006), Ulrike and Ordoñez (2013), Lazo and Short (2012), Zaman (2014),
Pacelli et al. (2014), Levino et al. (2018), Ordoñez and Jagdeep (2016), Ugaya et al.
(2018), Li et al. (2018), Strömberg et al. (2019) pointed out their contributions and
limitations. The analysis showed that sustainable production and the application of
3Rs in the industry is still restricted mostly to large companies. The research studied
contributed to new perspectives of the implementation of methods and/or tools for
the use of waste as raw material for new products or the reduction of waste improperly disposed of, but present limitations in their approaches are generally restricted
to single or restricted materials or methods. Research opportunities were pointed
out for the support of sustainable PDP using waste as raw material, evidencing the
deficiency of an easy-to-understand approach that allows integrating in a sustainable
way the entire supply chain, from the design phase to the end-of-life of products.
In essence, the analyses provided the theoretical foundation for the development
of the approach that is proposed in this article. It is still a preliminary approach
as it needs further application. The proposed preliminary U-TURN approach aims
at structuring, in a sustainable way, the Sustainable Products Development Process
using discarded material/products as raw material.
6 Proposal of a Preliminary Product Development
Approach for Discarded Materials Reuse—U-TURN
Approach
The proposed product development approach, called U-TURN, aims to create new
products reusing discarded product as raw material and taking into account the entire
production process, from its design phase to the end of the product lifecycle. Moreover, it can be applied to different types of discarded products since its target is
providing a full analysis and application of the discarded material/product reuse
potentiality in new product manufacturing.
The proposed approach consists of 4 Macro Phases—Analysis of Discarded
Product Reuse Potentiality, New Product Design, Sustainable and Cyclical Production Design, and Material/Product Collection Return. Each of the Macro Phases has
steps that show the guidelines to be followed by users. The author used the Rozenfeld Unified Model (Rozenfeld et al. 2006) as the starting point of the approach’s
development.
The three first Macro Phases is focused on the product design and production
process, concentrating on maximum material reuse and increase on the product life
cycle, while searching for sustainable manufacturing processes. Reverse Logistics is
F. A. Z. Contador and O. Canciglieri Junior
5 Systematic Literature Review and Content Analyses
A systematic literature review was carried out and allowed the identification of 13
most relevant articles to the research composed of the three macro subjects previously
addressed. The content analysis of the full articles of Kwangho et al. (2009), Rozenfeld et al. (2006), Ulrike and Ordoñez (2013), Lazo and Short (2012), Zaman (2014),
Pacelli et al. (2014), Levino et al. (2018), Ordoñez and Jagdeep (2016), Ugaya et al.
(2018), Li et al. (2018), Strömberg et al. (2019) pointed out their contributions and
limitations. The analysis showed that sustainable production and the application of
3Rs in the industry is still restricted mostly to large companies. The research studied
contributed to new perspectives of the implementation of methods and/or tools for
the use of waste as raw material for new products or the reduction of waste improperly disposed of, but present limitations in their approaches are generally restricted
to single or restricted materials or methods. Research opportunities were pointed
out for the support of sustainable PDP using waste as raw material, evidencing the
deficiency of an easy-to-understand approach that allows integrating in a sustainable
way the entire supply chain, from the design phase to the end-of-life of products.
In essence, the analyses provided the theoretical foundation for the development
of the approach that is proposed in this article. It is still a preliminary approach
as it needs further application. The proposed preliminary U-TURN approach aims
at structuring, in a sustainable way, the Sustainable Products Development Process
using discarded material/products as raw material.
6 Proposal of a Preliminary Product Development
Approach for Discarded Materials Reuse—U-TURN
Approach
The proposed product development approach, called U-TURN, aims to create new
products reusing discarded product as raw material and taking into account the entire
production process, from its design phase to the end of the product lifecycle. Moreover, it can be applied to different types of discarded products since its target is
providing a full analysis and application of the discarded material/product reuse
potentiality in new product manufacturing.
The proposed approach consists of 4 Macro Phases—Analysis of Discarded
Product Reuse Potentiality, New Product Design, Sustainable and Cyclical Production Design, and Material/Product Collection Return. Each of the Macro Phases has
steps that show the guidelines to be followed by users. The author used the Rozenfeld Unified Model (Rozenfeld et al. 2006) as the starting point of the approach’s
development.
The three first Macro Phases is focused on the product design and production
process, concentrating on maximum material reuse and increase on the product life
cycle, while searching for sustainable manufacturing processes. Reverse Logistics is