274
M. L. M. Bernartt et al.
For Meystre (2016), in Brazil, waste management will succeed from a cultural
restructure, bringing to the community the idea of shared responsibility. In 2010, the
National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) was instituted by the Law No 12305, which
determines how to manage solid waste. This law brings the concept of Shared Responsibility, which is defined by the set of attributions to all involved with waste, with the
objective of minimizing the quantity generated and, consequently, reducing its environmental impacts (Brazil 2010). It is an important law that helps to address various
environmental problems in the country. One of its demands was the extinction of
dumps by 2014, compelling the cities to dispose the waste in an environmentally
appropriate way (PWC SELUR, ABLP 2010).
In this scenario of concern and environmental awareness, waste co-processing has
been growing in the most developed countries since the 1970s (Votorantim 2014)
and can become one of the solutions to waste problem in Brazil. MSW is increasing
each year. One of the management alternatives to reduce the number of dumps and
landfills is to send the rubbish to be co-processed in cement furnaces, reducing its
impact and its environmental liabilities (ABCP 2016). This activity can be considered
one of the most effective alternatives for the disposal of waste (Kihara 2008) and
Brazil has a co-processing potential of 2500 tons of waste per year (ABCP 2016).
The co-processing of MSW brings benefits that other methods of disposition, such
as landfills and incineration, do not supply, such as the lack of environmental liabilities, since the ashes are incorporated into the clinker. Furthermore, the cost of implantation and operation is not accounted for because it is incorporated by the cement
plants. Finally, there is strict control over air pollutants, and has energy recovery of
waste, seeking energy efficiency and savings of natural resources (Meystre 2016).
However, there is a certain difficulty in using MSW in the co-processing process,
since it needs to be transformed into Waste-Derived Fuel (WDF) before incorporated
into the process. This must happen because MSW has very diversified characteristics and origins, making it necessary to carry out this prior treatment to meet the
specifications required by the furnaces, such as energy efficiency (Meystre 2016).
Thus, the present study aimed to propose an alternative of co-processing of tailings
of one recycling associations called ARLeV in the city of Campo Largo—Brazil. It
is expected with this alternative to reduce the number of tailings sent to landfills,
bringing economic and environmental gains to the municipality.
2 Waste and Co-processing
The Law No 12305/2010 establishes the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS), which
determines waste management as the set of actions that has direct or indirect connection with the stages of collection, transport, transshipment, treatment, and final
disposal of waste, ensuring the greatest reuse and recycling, minimizing tailings
(Brazil 2010). By its article 9, the priority in waste management is defined: Nongeneration, Reduction, Reuse, Recycling, Treatment, and Environmentally Appropriate Final Disposal. It also says: “Technologies can be used to recover the energy
M. L. M. Bernartt et al.
For Meystre (2016), in Brazil, waste management will succeed from a cultural
restructure, bringing to the community the idea of shared responsibility. In 2010, the
National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) was instituted by the Law No 12305, which
determines how to manage solid waste. This law brings the concept of Shared Responsibility, which is defined by the set of attributions to all involved with waste, with the
objective of minimizing the quantity generated and, consequently, reducing its environmental impacts (Brazil 2010). It is an important law that helps to address various
environmental problems in the country. One of its demands was the extinction of
dumps by 2014, compelling the cities to dispose the waste in an environmentally
appropriate way (PWC SELUR, ABLP 2010).
In this scenario of concern and environmental awareness, waste co-processing has
been growing in the most developed countries since the 1970s (Votorantim 2014)
and can become one of the solutions to waste problem in Brazil. MSW is increasing
each year. One of the management alternatives to reduce the number of dumps and
landfills is to send the rubbish to be co-processed in cement furnaces, reducing its
impact and its environmental liabilities (ABCP 2016). This activity can be considered
one of the most effective alternatives for the disposal of waste (Kihara 2008) and
Brazil has a co-processing potential of 2500 tons of waste per year (ABCP 2016).
The co-processing of MSW brings benefits that other methods of disposition, such
as landfills and incineration, do not supply, such as the lack of environmental liabilities, since the ashes are incorporated into the clinker. Furthermore, the cost of implantation and operation is not accounted for because it is incorporated by the cement
plants. Finally, there is strict control over air pollutants, and has energy recovery of
waste, seeking energy efficiency and savings of natural resources (Meystre 2016).
However, there is a certain difficulty in using MSW in the co-processing process,
since it needs to be transformed into Waste-Derived Fuel (WDF) before incorporated
into the process. This must happen because MSW has very diversified characteristics and origins, making it necessary to carry out this prior treatment to meet the
specifications required by the furnaces, such as energy efficiency (Meystre 2016).
Thus, the present study aimed to propose an alternative of co-processing of tailings
of one recycling associations called ARLeV in the city of Campo Largo—Brazil. It
is expected with this alternative to reduce the number of tailings sent to landfills,
bringing economic and environmental gains to the municipality.
2 Waste and Co-processing
The Law No 12305/2010 establishes the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS), which
determines waste management as the set of actions that has direct or indirect connection with the stages of collection, transport, transshipment, treatment, and final
disposal of waste, ensuring the greatest reuse and recycling, minimizing tailings
(Brazil 2010). By its article 9, the priority in waste management is defined: Nongeneration, Reduction, Reuse, Recycling, Treatment, and Environmentally Appropriate Final Disposal. It also says: “Technologies can be used to recover the energy