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P. de Oliveira and L. A. Pereira
With this premise, to think globally and act locally, the proposed context emerges
as glocalization (Leff 2010; Bauman and Bordoni 2016). According to Bauman and
Bordoni (2016, p. 149), “the phenomenon of glocalization is the particular combination of increased importance of localities (and in close connection) with the loss
of the meaning of distances”.
In this sense, NbS adheres to the aspect of glocalization, as they are based on
local actions at various levels: in planning and design, in handling and management,
and by reinforcing the elements of green infrastructure in cities, thus promoting the
maintenance, improvement and recovery of biodiversity and ecosystems in urban
areas, expanding the concept of green or blue infrastructure in cities (Cariñanosa
et al. 2017).
However, NbS presents a relevant positioning regarding the local to the global
interface, since to exist it requires the engagement of local actions, which can be
considered as a space for the flow of localities, and from its local action, joint benefits
emerge in scope. globally, this interface is an action already guided by the United
Nations (UN) with regard to the establishment of the Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs).
4 Artificial Reefs as a NbS Model
Artificial reefs can be defined as structures located in the submerged, mimicking
certain characteristics of natural reefs, characterized as a practice present in the
marine ecosystem that comprises the management of environmental, ecological and
social aspects, including the sustainable management of an ecosystem (Boaventura
et al. 2008; Boina 2008).
On the other hand, according to Lima (2008), the natural reefs located on the coast,
provide benefits to this ecosystem, since they act as a sink for the sea waves, leading
to the production process of coastal protrusions, thus increasing the protection of the
coastal zone.
In this sense, one of the premises of the implementation of the artificial reef is the
maximum approximation of the modus operandi of the natural reef, imitating some
characteristics of the substrates for the proliferation of biodiversity (Boina 2008).
However, taking into account that a reef environment is constituted from the
organic substrate, consisting not only of corals, but also of algae, rocks, artificial
structures such as concrete, steel, plastic, tires and carcasses of ships, or associations
of these compounds (Hostim-Silva 2005; Boina 2008).
In this sense, the artificial reef becomes a dynamic environment, adding changes
that converge in processes that change its initial characteristic, but result in benefits
of environmental, social and economic scope (Alberti 2010).
Once implanted, it joins natural communities and consolidates itself in that
environment. This justifies the importance of constant monitoring of this hybrid
ecosystem, it is necessary to know the natural diversity of this environment since they
P. de Oliveira and L. A. Pereira
With this premise, to think globally and act locally, the proposed context emerges
as glocalization (Leff 2010; Bauman and Bordoni 2016). According to Bauman and
Bordoni (2016, p. 149), “the phenomenon of glocalization is the particular combination of increased importance of localities (and in close connection) with the loss
of the meaning of distances”.
In this sense, NbS adheres to the aspect of glocalization, as they are based on
local actions at various levels: in planning and design, in handling and management,
and by reinforcing the elements of green infrastructure in cities, thus promoting the
maintenance, improvement and recovery of biodiversity and ecosystems in urban
areas, expanding the concept of green or blue infrastructure in cities (Cariñanosa
et al. 2017).
However, NbS presents a relevant positioning regarding the local to the global
interface, since to exist it requires the engagement of local actions, which can be
considered as a space for the flow of localities, and from its local action, joint benefits
emerge in scope. globally, this interface is an action already guided by the United
Nations (UN) with regard to the establishment of the Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs).
4 Artificial Reefs as a NbS Model
Artificial reefs can be defined as structures located in the submerged, mimicking
certain characteristics of natural reefs, characterized as a practice present in the
marine ecosystem that comprises the management of environmental, ecological and
social aspects, including the sustainable management of an ecosystem (Boaventura
et al. 2008; Boina 2008).
On the other hand, according to Lima (2008), the natural reefs located on the coast,
provide benefits to this ecosystem, since they act as a sink for the sea waves, leading
to the production process of coastal protrusions, thus increasing the protection of the
coastal zone.
In this sense, one of the premises of the implementation of the artificial reef is the
maximum approximation of the modus operandi of the natural reef, imitating some
characteristics of the substrates for the proliferation of biodiversity (Boina 2008).
However, taking into account that a reef environment is constituted from the
organic substrate, consisting not only of corals, but also of algae, rocks, artificial
structures such as concrete, steel, plastic, tires and carcasses of ships, or associations
of these compounds (Hostim-Silva 2005; Boina 2008).
In this sense, the artificial reef becomes a dynamic environment, adding changes
that converge in processes that change its initial characteristic, but result in benefits
of environmental, social and economic scope (Alberti 2010).
Once implanted, it joins natural communities and consolidates itself in that
environment. This justifies the importance of constant monitoring of this hybrid
ecosystem, it is necessary to know the natural diversity of this environment since they