Assessing the Use of Pine Chip Ash in Manufacturing …
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other products. It is important to create opportunities for reflection, with a different
look for each and every type of waste.
For better evaluation support was adopted a methodological procedure Product
Planning and Development (PPD) identifying details and making use of tools and
parameters already certified by the literature. This is intended to characterize the
main materials (ash, soil, cement), incorporated in the raw material base of the brick
different ash proportions (15, 30, 50%), starting from a formulation already practiced
as the proportion of cement, and finally, evaluating the physicomechanical properties
of the brick samples according to the current Brazilian technical standard.
2 Theoretical Framework
This applied research was experimental, that to Gil (2008), is to subject the objects
of study to the influence of certain variables in controlled conditions and known by
the investigator, to observe the results that these variables produce in the objects.
The experiment is contemplated in a sustainable perspective of PPD by Vasco
et al. (2014) illustrated in Fig. 1, which shows how much innovation is present
in the preparation of a product, and that before the macro environment, integrates
environmental, economic and social needs as a parameter for the idealization of
processes.
The PDP process of this study was reconciled with the concept of Cooper (1993),
who developed the Stage-Gate-process, having a form of stages and steps for review
and approve all moments of development. It is a process divided in stages, with pause
spaces for contemplation of the results, so-called gates, the literal translation into
Portuguese, gates. As shown in Fig. 2, adapted from Cooper (1993), in the stages
are made evaluations, investigations, tests and in the gates, decisions are made for
the purpose of whether the development of the product passes to the next stage.
Three key points were considered fundamental to design a sustainable product: From
the idealization with intensified reflections in the detailed investigations (literature
review, as this study) and business analysis (analysis and discussion of results, as
this study).
The samples were named Samples (A), they were prepared and molded in a
hydraulic press with twelve tons of compression capacity (12t.), owned by the same
Fig. 1 Perspective PPD
sustainable. Source Prepared
by the authors (adapted from
Vasco et al. 2014)
229
other products. It is important to create opportunities for reflection, with a different
look for each and every type of waste.
For better evaluation support was adopted a methodological procedure Product
Planning and Development (PPD) identifying details and making use of tools and
parameters already certified by the literature. This is intended to characterize the
main materials (ash, soil, cement), incorporated in the raw material base of the brick
different ash proportions (15, 30, 50%), starting from a formulation already practiced
as the proportion of cement, and finally, evaluating the physicomechanical properties
of the brick samples according to the current Brazilian technical standard.
2 Theoretical Framework
This applied research was experimental, that to Gil (2008), is to subject the objects
of study to the influence of certain variables in controlled conditions and known by
the investigator, to observe the results that these variables produce in the objects.
The experiment is contemplated in a sustainable perspective of PPD by Vasco
et al. (2014) illustrated in Fig. 1, which shows how much innovation is present
in the preparation of a product, and that before the macro environment, integrates
environmental, economic and social needs as a parameter for the idealization of
processes.
The PDP process of this study was reconciled with the concept of Cooper (1993),
who developed the Stage-Gate-process, having a form of stages and steps for review
and approve all moments of development. It is a process divided in stages, with pause
spaces for contemplation of the results, so-called gates, the literal translation into
Portuguese, gates. As shown in Fig. 2, adapted from Cooper (1993), in the stages
are made evaluations, investigations, tests and in the gates, decisions are made for
the purpose of whether the development of the product passes to the next stage.
Three key points were considered fundamental to design a sustainable product: From
the idealization with intensified reflections in the detailed investigations (literature
review, as this study) and business analysis (analysis and discussion of results, as
this study).
The samples were named Samples (A), they were prepared and molded in a
hydraulic press with twelve tons of compression capacity (12t.), owned by the same
Fig. 1 Perspective PPD
sustainable. Source Prepared
by the authors (adapted from
Vasco et al. 2014)