Index
311
energy balance, 225, 271–272
exchange factor, 270
flux, 26, 72
gas, 221, 275–281, 289
between gas and enclosure, 285–289
hemispheric, 222
matrix linear equations, 263–267
net, 286
network representation, 260
between nonisothermal surfaces, 268
nonparticipating medium, 257,
272–274
solar and atmospheric, 231
spectral, 222
Stefan–Boltzmann law, 4
surface, 4, 221, 223–231, 240, 257–259,
264, 268–269, 270
between surfaces, 258, 261, 269,
270, 271
three-surface enclosure, 264–267
transport equation, 290–292
Radiation intensity, thermal, 221
blackbody, 225
distance, 277
Radiosity, 239, 273, 274, 290. See also
Differential element
energy exchange, 258
gray diffuse isothermal surface, 257
linear equations, 263, 264, 267
at surface, 290
uniform, 281, 282
unknown radiosity matrix, 264
RANS equation. See Reynolds-averaged
Navier–Stokes equation (RANS
equation)
Rayleigh number, 185. See also Prandtl
number
Reciprocity rule, 240, 270
Reflectivity, 224
from emissivity, 225
hemispherical, 237
Reradiating surfaces, 261
Reynolds analogy, 138–139
for turbulent flow, 203–205
Reynolds flux, 200
Reynolds number, 125, 126, 129. See also
Grashof number; Nusselt
number; Prandtl number
average friction factor determination,
138
for fluid flow in circular tube, 169
friction factor and pressure drop
vs., 172
function of, 126
pressure drop, 171, 172
thinner boundary layer, 167
Reynolds time-averaged method, 197
Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes
equation (RANS equation),
195–197
continuity equation, 197–198
eddy concept, 200–203
enthalpy/energy equation, 199–200
force balance in circular tube, 202
momentum equation, 198–199
Reynolds analogy, 203–205
Reynolds flux, 200
2-D turbulent boundary layer
flow, 203
S
Semiinfinite solid material, 78
integral method, 85–86
Laplace transform method, 81–84
1-D transient heat conduction, 78
similarity method, 78–81
Shape factor. See View factor
Shear stress, 126, 163
distribution, 168
laminar-type, 200
profile, 127
Reynolds number, 148, 167
turbulence, 195
wall, 131, 145, 205
Similarity functions, 143, 187
Similarity method, 78–81, 187, 162
freezing and solidification problems,
87–89
heat conduction, 86
laminar flow and heat transfer,
141–149
1-D transient problem, 69
for semiinfinite solid material, 78–81
velocity and temperature profile
determination, 205
Similarity solution, 141, 148–150
boundary conditions, 144, 147
continuity equation, 141
energy equation, 146
flat plate laminar boundary layer
functions, 145
311
energy balance, 225, 271–272
exchange factor, 270
flux, 26, 72
gas, 221, 275–281, 289
between gas and enclosure, 285–289
hemispheric, 222
matrix linear equations, 263–267
net, 286
network representation, 260
between nonisothermal surfaces, 268
nonparticipating medium, 257,
272–274
solar and atmospheric, 231
spectral, 222
Stefan–Boltzmann law, 4
surface, 4, 221, 223–231, 240, 257–259,
264, 268–269, 270
between surfaces, 258, 261, 269,
270, 271
three-surface enclosure, 264–267
transport equation, 290–292
Radiation intensity, thermal, 221
blackbody, 225
distance, 277
Radiosity, 239, 273, 274, 290. See also
Differential element
energy exchange, 258
gray diffuse isothermal surface, 257
linear equations, 263, 264, 267
at surface, 290
uniform, 281, 282
unknown radiosity matrix, 264
RANS equation. See Reynolds-averaged
Navier–Stokes equation (RANS
equation)
Rayleigh number, 185. See also Prandtl
number
Reciprocity rule, 240, 270
Reflectivity, 224
from emissivity, 225
hemispherical, 237
Reradiating surfaces, 261
Reynolds analogy, 138–139
for turbulent flow, 203–205
Reynolds flux, 200
Reynolds number, 125, 126, 129. See also
Grashof number; Nusselt
number; Prandtl number
average friction factor determination,
138
for fluid flow in circular tube, 169
friction factor and pressure drop
vs., 172
function of, 126
pressure drop, 171, 172
thinner boundary layer, 167
Reynolds time-averaged method, 197
Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes
equation (RANS equation),
195–197
continuity equation, 197–198
eddy concept, 200–203
enthalpy/energy equation, 199–200
force balance in circular tube, 202
momentum equation, 198–199
Reynolds analogy, 203–205
Reynolds flux, 200
2-D turbulent boundary layer
flow, 203
S
Semiinfinite solid material, 78
integral method, 85–86
Laplace transform method, 81–84
1-D transient heat conduction, 78
similarity method, 78–81
Shape factor. See View factor
Shear stress, 126, 163
distribution, 168
laminar-type, 200
profile, 127
Reynolds number, 148, 167
turbulence, 195
wall, 131, 145, 205
Similarity functions, 143, 187
Similarity method, 78–81, 187, 162
freezing and solidification problems,
87–89
heat conduction, 86
laminar flow and heat transfer,
141–149
1-D transient problem, 69
for semiinfinite solid material, 78–81
velocity and temperature profile
determination, 205
Similarity solution, 141, 148–150
boundary conditions, 144, 147
continuity equation, 141
energy equation, 146
flat plate laminar boundary layer
functions, 145