2.0
1.5
Electric fi eld (V/m)
1.0
0.5
0.0
−0.5
−1.0
−1.5
−2.0 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
Time (ns)
53
Coupling of Electromagnetic Fields into Biological Systems
FigurE 1.30 A representative ultra-wideband pulse with peak incident electric field = 1.1 V/m.
(From Lin, J. C., and P. Bernardi. 2007. Computer methods for predicting field intensity and temperature change. In Bioengineering and Biophysical Aspects of Electromagnetic Fields, ed. F. Barnes
and B. Greenebaum, Chapter 10, 293–380. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. With permission.)
0
Relative amplitude
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
1000
2000
3000
Frequency (MHz)
FigurE 1.31 Spectrum of the ultra-wideband pulse of Figure 1.30. (From Lin, J. C., and
P. Bernardi. 2007. Computer methods for predicting field intensity and temperature change. In
Bioengineering and Biophysical Aspects of Electromagnetic Fields, ed. F. Barnes and B. Greenebaum,
Chapter 10, 293–380. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. With permission.)
For the results shown here, the measured properties of biological tissues (muscle, fat,
bone, blood, intestine, cartilage, lung, kidney, pancreas, spleen, lung, heart, brain/
nerve, skin, and eye) were obtained from the literature. Optimized values for ε s1 , ε s2 ,
ε ∞ , τ 1 , and τ 2 in Equation 1.64 were obtained by nonlinear least-squares matching with
the measured data for fat and muscle (Table 1.7), with τ 1 and τ 2 being the average of
the optimized values for fat and muscle, respectively. All other tissues have properties
falling between these two types of tissues. The averaging was done to facilitate volume