331
6
Medical Devices and
Systems Exposure
and Dosimetry
6.1 Introduction .......................................................... 331
6.2 Medical Therapy ................................................... 333
Thermotherapy • Magnetic
Stimulation • Magnetic
Therapy • Magnetic Targeting • Magnetic
Navigation • Electronic Implants
6.3 Medical Diagnosis ................................................345
Magnetic Resonance Imaging • Transcranial
Magnetic Stimulation • Magnetic
Tracking • Magnetic Navigation • Telemedicine
6.4 Electromagnetic Compatibility .......................... 357
Sources • Risk Management
6.5 Summary ................................................................ 359
N. Leitgeb
References ..........................................................................360
6.1 Introduction
Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have gained increasing importance in the field of health
care. The major applications are based on direct interaction of EMF either to deliver
energy for treatment such as stimulating nerve and muscle cells by induced electric current densities or by converting field energy into heat, or to acquire diagnostic information such as on distribution and binding status of nuclei by magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) or triggering functional responses such as by transcranial magnetic stimulation
(TMS).
However, in the meanwhile, emerging new applications for monitoring, targeting,
tracking, and navigating are widening the exposure scenarios by introducing EMF
sources into the body such as electronic implants and capsular endoscopes with incorporated data transmitting capability or injecting magnetic sources such as magnetic
nanoparticles into tissues. Such intracorporal EMF sources expose tissues directly with
no benefit of separation distance and consequent field amplitude decrease.
6
Medical Devices and
Systems Exposure
and Dosimetry
6.1 Introduction .......................................................... 331
6.2 Medical Therapy ................................................... 333
Thermotherapy • Magnetic
Stimulation • Magnetic
Therapy • Magnetic Targeting • Magnetic
Navigation • Electronic Implants
6.3 Medical Diagnosis ................................................345
Magnetic Resonance Imaging • Transcranial
Magnetic Stimulation • Magnetic
Tracking • Magnetic Navigation • Telemedicine
6.4 Electromagnetic Compatibility .......................... 357
Sources • Risk Management
6.5 Summary ................................................................ 359
N. Leitgeb
References ..........................................................................360
6.1 Introduction
Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have gained increasing importance in the field of health
care. The major applications are based on direct interaction of EMF either to deliver
energy for treatment such as stimulating nerve and muscle cells by induced electric current densities or by converting field energy into heat, or to acquire diagnostic information such as on distribution and binding status of nuclei by magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) or triggering functional responses such as by transcranial magnetic stimulation
(TMS).
However, in the meanwhile, emerging new applications for monitoring, targeting,
tracking, and navigating are widening the exposure scenarios by introducing EMF
sources into the body such as electronic implants and capsular endoscopes with incorporated data transmitting capability or injecting magnetic sources such as magnetic
nanoparticles into tissues. Such intracorporal EMF sources expose tissues directly with
no benefit of separation distance and consequent field amplitude decrease.