Author
Current Density (mA/m 2 )
Method and Comments
Chen, Chuang, and
Calculated current densities agree very
60
Hz,
10
kV/m:
surface-charge
Lin (1986)
well with the measured values (Kaune
integral calculation for
and Forsyth 1985).
homogeneous grounded
human model
Chiba et al. (1984)
Calculated values: 4.62 for neck and
60
Hz,
10
kV/m:
finite-element
19.16 for ankle; measured average
method (FEM) calculation and
values: 4.66 for neck and 18.66 for
measurement in axisymmetric
ankle
human model (170-cm height)
Chiba, Isaka, and
Calculated values: 0.06–0.18 for the
60
Hz,
1
kV/m:
FEM
calculation
Kaune (1998)
head
in homogeneous head of
human model
Chiba and Isaka (1999)
Calculated average values: 0.476 for
60
Hz,
1
kV/m:
FEM
calculation
neck and 1.864 for feet (for grounded
in grounded and ungrounded
model); 0.360 for neck and 0.947 for
human model
ankle (for 0.01 m above the ground)
Chiba and Isaka (2000)
Calculated average values: 0.334 for
60
Hz,
1
kV/m:
FEM
calculation
neck and 0.742 for ankle
in human model standing on
the insulating plate
Chuang and Chen (1989)
Methodological validity was confirmed
60
Hz,
10
kV/m:
surface
charge
by comparison between numerical
integral equation/impedance
results and analytical solutions
network calculation in
attributed to conducting concentric
three-dimensional
spheres
heterogeneous head of human
model
Deno (1977)
The induced short-circuit current is
60
Hz,
10
kV/m:
grounded
expressed as: I sc = 5.4 × 10 −9 h 2 E; h is
model covered with copper foil
height of human body; E is
unperturbed electric field
Dimbylow (1987)
Calculated values: 0.05–0.09 for neck
60
Hz,
1
kV/m: threeand 0.5–2.23 for ankle
dimensional FDM calculation
in homogeneous shaped, lower
limb of grounded human
model
Dimbylow (1988)
Calculated peak values:
60 Hz: FDM calculation for
(0.142–0.795) × 10 −2 in five
heterogeneous leg and
different models
homogeneous torso of
grounded human model (1.8 m,
70
kg)
at
1
V/m
applied field
Furse and Gandhi (1998)
Calculated peak values: above 150 for
60
Hz,
10
kV/m: finiteleg and maximum of 20 in torso
difference time domain
calculation in anatomical,
MRI-based, 6-mm resolution,
heterogeneous, grounded
human model
216
Electromagnetic Fields in Biological Systems
Table 4.2 Examples of Calculated and Measured Current Densities in Simple
Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Human Models Exposed to Electric Field
Current Density (mA/m 2 )
Method and Comments
Chen, Chuang, and
Calculated current densities agree very
60
Hz,
10
kV/m:
surface-charge
Lin (1986)
well with the measured values (Kaune
integral calculation for
and Forsyth 1985).
homogeneous grounded
human model
Chiba et al. (1984)
Calculated values: 4.62 for neck and
60
Hz,
10
kV/m:
finite-element
19.16 for ankle; measured average
method (FEM) calculation and
values: 4.66 for neck and 18.66 for
measurement in axisymmetric
ankle
human model (170-cm height)
Chiba, Isaka, and
Calculated values: 0.06–0.18 for the
60
Hz,
1
kV/m:
FEM
calculation
Kaune (1998)
head
in homogeneous head of
human model
Chiba and Isaka (1999)
Calculated average values: 0.476 for
60
Hz,
1
kV/m:
FEM
calculation
neck and 1.864 for feet (for grounded
in grounded and ungrounded
model); 0.360 for neck and 0.947 for
human model
ankle (for 0.01 m above the ground)
Chiba and Isaka (2000)
Calculated average values: 0.334 for
60
Hz,
1
kV/m:
FEM
calculation
neck and 0.742 for ankle
in human model standing on
the insulating plate
Chuang and Chen (1989)
Methodological validity was confirmed
60
Hz,
10
kV/m:
surface
charge
by comparison between numerical
integral equation/impedance
results and analytical solutions
network calculation in
attributed to conducting concentric
three-dimensional
spheres
heterogeneous head of human
model
Deno (1977)
The induced short-circuit current is
60
Hz,
10
kV/m:
grounded
expressed as: I sc = 5.4 × 10 −9 h 2 E; h is
model covered with copper foil
height of human body; E is
unperturbed electric field
Dimbylow (1987)
Calculated values: 0.05–0.09 for neck
60
Hz,
1
kV/m: threeand 0.5–2.23 for ankle
dimensional FDM calculation
in homogeneous shaped, lower
limb of grounded human
model
Dimbylow (1988)
Calculated peak values:
60 Hz: FDM calculation for
(0.142–0.795) × 10 −2 in five
heterogeneous leg and
different models
homogeneous torso of
grounded human model (1.8 m,
70
kg)
at
1
V/m
applied field
Furse and Gandhi (1998)
Calculated peak values: above 150 for
60
Hz,
10
kV/m: finiteleg and maximum of 20 in torso
difference time domain
calculation in anatomical,
MRI-based, 6-mm resolution,
heterogeneous, grounded
human model
216
Electromagnetic Fields in Biological Systems
Table 4.2 Examples of Calculated and Measured Current Densities in Simple
Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Human Models Exposed to Electric Field