5.2 Source of Biodiesel Production
As an alternative renewable fuel, biodiesel is derived from natural oils as well as fats.
In several countries, various seed oils were applied as feedstock for the production of
biodiesel. The selection of the feedstock depends on two factors such as its availability as well as cost for biodiesel production. Biodiesel is formed using the
transesterification process of biological raw materials like that of vegetable oils
(edible oil as well as non-edible oil) or animal fats (Borugadda and Goud 2012).
The sources of a biodiesel formation have been shown in Fig. 5.2.
In the United States, Argentina, and Brazil, soybean oil was applied in the
production of biodiesel, while in other countries such as in European countries, it
was rapeseed oil, while in Malaysia as well as Indonesia, palm and coconut oils were
used as a source of the biodiesel production (Su et al. 2020; Cordero-Ravelo and
Schallenberg-Rodriguez 2018). These are considered as first-generation biodiesel
feedstock. Second-generation biodiesel feedstock is derived from non-edible oils
with oil crops such as jatropha or ratanjyote, karanja, and mahua used as prominent
sources of fuel in India and South Asia (Maity et al. 2014; Jo et al. 2020).
Various bio-lipids and pure vegetable oils including soybean oil, rapeseed oil,
and corn oil are commonly used as a source of biodiesel (Talebian-Kiakalaieh et al.
2013; Ogunkunle and Ahmed 2019b). In the biodiesel production process, vegetable
oils are dominant raw materials, because they are renewable sources of energy and
also considered as economic as well as cost-effective in nature (Balat and Balat
2010). From edible oils, around 95% of biodiesel is produced. The biological raw
materials and their contribution in biodiesel production have been shown in Fig. 5.3.
From an investigation, a report analyzed that the price of total biodiesel production is about 70–95% from biological raw materials (Gui et al. 2008; Sharma et al.
Fig. 5.2 Biological sources for biodiesel production
5 Recent Updates of Biodiesel Production: Source, Production Methods, and. . .
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As an alternative renewable fuel, biodiesel is derived from natural oils as well as fats.
In several countries, various seed oils were applied as feedstock for the production of
biodiesel. The selection of the feedstock depends on two factors such as its availability as well as cost for biodiesel production. Biodiesel is formed using the
transesterification process of biological raw materials like that of vegetable oils
(edible oil as well as non-edible oil) or animal fats (Borugadda and Goud 2012).
The sources of a biodiesel formation have been shown in Fig. 5.2.
In the United States, Argentina, and Brazil, soybean oil was applied in the
production of biodiesel, while in other countries such as in European countries, it
was rapeseed oil, while in Malaysia as well as Indonesia, palm and coconut oils were
used as a source of the biodiesel production (Su et al. 2020; Cordero-Ravelo and
Schallenberg-Rodriguez 2018). These are considered as first-generation biodiesel
feedstock. Second-generation biodiesel feedstock is derived from non-edible oils
with oil crops such as jatropha or ratanjyote, karanja, and mahua used as prominent
sources of fuel in India and South Asia (Maity et al. 2014; Jo et al. 2020).
Various bio-lipids and pure vegetable oils including soybean oil, rapeseed oil,
and corn oil are commonly used as a source of biodiesel (Talebian-Kiakalaieh et al.
2013; Ogunkunle and Ahmed 2019b). In the biodiesel production process, vegetable
oils are dominant raw materials, because they are renewable sources of energy and
also considered as economic as well as cost-effective in nature (Balat and Balat
2010). From edible oils, around 95% of biodiesel is produced. The biological raw
materials and their contribution in biodiesel production have been shown in Fig. 5.3.
From an investigation, a report analyzed that the price of total biodiesel production is about 70–95% from biological raw materials (Gui et al. 2008; Sharma et al.
Fig. 5.2 Biological sources for biodiesel production
5 Recent Updates of Biodiesel Production: Source, Production Methods, and. . .
109