500
Index
Parallel transport, 457–459
in U(1) gauge field case, 458
Parity, 34
and chirality current, 34
and chirality operator, 34
conserved in QCD, 84
doublets, in chiral symmetry, 35–37,
195, 227
violation
in e
− d scattering, 392
in weak interactions, 287–288
Partition function, 171
Parton, 86–87
model, 86, 124, 316
for ν, ν ¯ cross sections, 310–316
and QCD, 87, 90, 95–96, 98, 105–
107, 129–130, 135–148
distribution function, 87, 144, 147
fragmentation function, 87
Penetration length, in a superconductor,
268
Penguin diagram, 331, 339–344
Phase transitions, 172
Landau theory of, 202
Photon mass generation, in a superconductor, 260–264
Pion
decay constant, 235–237, 244, 327
massless, 217
mass term, 245–246
Pion-pion scattering
in chiral perturbation theory, 245–
246
and linear σ-model, 241–242
and non-linear σ-model, 243–244
π
0 → γγ, 249–252
Plaquette, 160
Plasma oscillations, 207, 266
PMNS matrix, 351, 410
for Dirac neutrinos, 351
CP-violating phases in, 352
for Majorana neutrinos, 352
CP-violating phases in, 352
Polarization states
fixing of, 65
for massive vector particle, 257–
259, 264
for massless vector particle, 65–
66, 259
longitudinal, see Longitudinal polarization state
sum over
for massive particle, 258, 372
for photons, 65–66
unphysical, in a gauge theory, and
unitarity, 62–68
Potential, symmetry-breaking, 212, 217,
240, 264, 275, 380
Propagator
gluon, 474
Higgs, 475
massive vector boson, 258, 284, 475
in spontaneously broken symmetry, 274, 278, 377
massless vector boson, 52, 259
Pseudoscalar, 288
chirality operator, 34
pion, 30, 227
QCD (quantum chromodynamics), 49, 82–
86
chiral symmetry breaking in, 36–37
corrections to parton model
for deep inelastic scattering, 93,
135–148, 316
for Higgs boson production, 426–
427
for σ(e
+ e
− → hadrons), 98, 128–
130
for W
± , Z
0 production, 394
introduction and tree-graph predictions, 73–108
large −q
2 behaviour in, 123–130
lattice, 74, 151–170, 182–190
non-perturbative aspects of, 74, 151
single-bremsstrahlung diagrams, 96
static inter-quark potential in, 184–
186
test of non-Abelian nature of, 106–
107
θ-term in, 84–86
two-flavour, 231–235
vacuum, 271
QED (quantum electrodynamics), 3–4, 40,
87, 255
for charged massless vector bosons,
54
and renormalizability, 54
Index
Parallel transport, 457–459
in U(1) gauge field case, 458
Parity, 34
and chirality current, 34
and chirality operator, 34
conserved in QCD, 84
doublets, in chiral symmetry, 35–37,
195, 227
violation
in e
− d scattering, 392
in weak interactions, 287–288
Partition function, 171
Parton, 86–87
model, 86, 124, 316
for ν, ν ¯ cross sections, 310–316
and QCD, 87, 90, 95–96, 98, 105–
107, 129–130, 135–148
distribution function, 87, 144, 147
fragmentation function, 87
Penetration length, in a superconductor,
268
Penguin diagram, 331, 339–344
Phase transitions, 172
Landau theory of, 202
Photon mass generation, in a superconductor, 260–264
Pion
decay constant, 235–237, 244, 327
massless, 217
mass term, 245–246
Pion-pion scattering
in chiral perturbation theory, 245–
246
and linear σ-model, 241–242
and non-linear σ-model, 243–244
π
0 → γγ, 249–252
Plaquette, 160
Plasma oscillations, 207, 266
PMNS matrix, 351, 410
for Dirac neutrinos, 351
CP-violating phases in, 352
for Majorana neutrinos, 352
CP-violating phases in, 352
Polarization states
fixing of, 65
for massive vector particle, 257–
259, 264
for massless vector particle, 65–
66, 259
longitudinal, see Longitudinal polarization state
sum over
for massive particle, 258, 372
for photons, 65–66
unphysical, in a gauge theory, and
unitarity, 62–68
Potential, symmetry-breaking, 212, 217,
240, 264, 275, 380
Propagator
gluon, 474
Higgs, 475
massive vector boson, 258, 284, 475
in spontaneously broken symmetry, 274, 278, 377
massless vector boson, 52, 259
Pseudoscalar, 288
chirality operator, 34
pion, 30, 227
QCD (quantum chromodynamics), 49, 82–
86
chiral symmetry breaking in, 36–37
corrections to parton model
for deep inelastic scattering, 93,
135–148, 316
for Higgs boson production, 426–
427
for σ(e
+ e
− → hadrons), 98, 128–
130
for W
± , Z
0 production, 394
introduction and tree-graph predictions, 73–108
large −q
2 behaviour in, 123–130
lattice, 74, 151–170, 182–190
non-perturbative aspects of, 74, 151
single-bremsstrahlung diagrams, 96
static inter-quark potential in, 184–
186
test of non-Abelian nature of, 106–
107
θ-term in, 84–86
two-flavour, 231–235
vacuum, 271
QED (quantum electrodynamics), 3–4, 40,
87, 255
for charged massless vector bosons,
54
and renormalizability, 54