Index
Mass diagonal basis, 409
Mass generation
for fermions, via chiral symmetry
breaking, 228–231, 279
for gauge bosons, via gauge symmetry breaking, 195, 223, 255,
259–260, 266, 276–277
for photon in superconductor, 260–
263
for relativistic U(1) gauge quantum, 264–266
for W
± and Z
0 , 275–277, 371, 381
Mass scale (μ), 114, 118–123
Mass singularity, 102, 140
uncancelled, 136–140
Massless mode
made massive by Coulomb interaction, 207
when symmetry spontaneously broken, 206, 210–211, 215, 219, 228–
229
Maxwell
action, 49, 264
in lattice field theory, 159–161
tensor, 48
as curvature, 159–160, 462
Meissner effect, 260
Mellin transform, 149
Mixing angle, weak (θW), 277–278, 298,
303, 381, 385–387, 392, 400, 412
in MS renormalization scheme, 412
in ‘on-shell’ scheme, 412
Mixing formalism
B ¯ 0
for B
0 - , 336–339
¯
for K
0 -K
0 , 347–347
Monopole, magnetic, 270
and confinement, 270–271
MS (minimal subtraction), 465
MS (modified minimal subtraction), 465
MSW effect, 362–364
Nambu
analogy, 199, 220, 228–231
condensate, 229
vacuum, 229–230
Neutral current
diagonal in quark mass basis, 308,
319
process, 298, 379
499
weak, leptonic, 302–304
weak, quark, 307
Neutrino
Dirac, 294, 296, 351–352, 354–355,
363–364, 404
flavour mixing, 350–352
angle θe2, 357, 360, 362–363
angle θe3, 357, 359, 364
angle θµ3, 357–366
resonant, 362
helicity, 292
hypothesis, by Pauli, 283–285
Majorana, 294, 296, 351–352, 354–
355, 363–364, 405–407
masses, 295–296, 353
massless, 291–292, 294, 351, 382
oscillations, 292, 295–296, 353–364
matter effects in, 361–363
and solar neutrino deficit, 358, 360–
363
squared mass differences, 352–353,
356
Δm 21
2 , 357, 360, 362
Δm 31
2 , 357–360, 364
Neutrinoless double β-decay, 294–295, 363–
364
Neutron
β-decay, 238, 285
discovery, 285
Nielsen–Ninomaya theorem, 157
Noether’s theorem, 28, 249
Non-Abelian gauge fields
introduced via local phase invariance,
39–51
quantization of, 60–71
Non-decoupling, spontaneous symmetrybreaking case, 414
Non-leptonic weak interactions, 324–325
Non-renormalizability in weak interactions
due to explicit fermion masses, in
GSW theory, 401–403
for four-fermion and IVB theories,
374–377
Non-renormalizable interactions
and irrelevant interactions, 180–181
in non-linear σ-model, 244–245
Operator product expansion, 141
Order parameter, 202, 208, 260
Mass diagonal basis, 409
Mass generation
for fermions, via chiral symmetry
breaking, 228–231, 279
for gauge bosons, via gauge symmetry breaking, 195, 223, 255,
259–260, 266, 276–277
for photon in superconductor, 260–
263
for relativistic U(1) gauge quantum, 264–266
for W
± and Z
0 , 275–277, 371, 381
Mass scale (μ), 114, 118–123
Mass singularity, 102, 140
uncancelled, 136–140
Massless mode
made massive by Coulomb interaction, 207
when symmetry spontaneously broken, 206, 210–211, 215, 219, 228–
229
Maxwell
action, 49, 264
in lattice field theory, 159–161
tensor, 48
as curvature, 159–160, 462
Meissner effect, 260
Mellin transform, 149
Mixing angle, weak (θW), 277–278, 298,
303, 381, 385–387, 392, 400, 412
in MS renormalization scheme, 412
in ‘on-shell’ scheme, 412
Mixing formalism
B ¯ 0
for B
0 - , 336–339
¯
for K
0 -K
0 , 347–347
Monopole, magnetic, 270
and confinement, 270–271
MS (minimal subtraction), 465
MS (modified minimal subtraction), 465
MSW effect, 362–364
Nambu
analogy, 199, 220, 228–231
condensate, 229
vacuum, 229–230
Neutral current
diagonal in quark mass basis, 308,
319
process, 298, 379
499
weak, leptonic, 302–304
weak, quark, 307
Neutrino
Dirac, 294, 296, 351–352, 354–355,
363–364, 404
flavour mixing, 350–352
angle θe2, 357, 360, 362–363
angle θe3, 357, 359, 364
angle θµ3, 357–366
resonant, 362
helicity, 292
hypothesis, by Pauli, 283–285
Majorana, 294, 296, 351–352, 354–
355, 363–364, 405–407
masses, 295–296, 353
massless, 291–292, 294, 351, 382
oscillations, 292, 295–296, 353–364
matter effects in, 361–363
and solar neutrino deficit, 358, 360–
363
squared mass differences, 352–353,
356
Δm 21
2 , 357, 360, 362
Δm 31
2 , 357–360, 364
Neutrinoless double β-decay, 294–295, 363–
364
Neutron
β-decay, 238, 285
discovery, 285
Nielsen–Ninomaya theorem, 157
Noether’s theorem, 28, 249
Non-Abelian gauge fields
introduced via local phase invariance,
39–51
quantization of, 60–71
Non-decoupling, spontaneous symmetrybreaking case, 414
Non-leptonic weak interactions, 324–325
Non-renormalizability in weak interactions
due to explicit fermion masses, in
GSW theory, 401–403
for four-fermion and IVB theories,
374–377
Non-renormalizable interactions
and irrelevant interactions, 180–181
in non-linear σ-model, 244–245
Operator product expansion, 141
Order parameter, 202, 208, 260