114
6 Benchmarking the Carbon, Water and Land Footprints …
Rees WE (1992) Ecological footprint and appropriated carrying capacity: what urban economics
leaves out. Environ Urbanization 4:121–130
Rockström J, Gordon L, Folke C, Falkenmark M, Engwall M (1999) Linkages among water vapor
flows, food production, and terrestrial ecosystem services. Conserv Ecol 3(2):5
Rockström J, Steffen W, Noone K, Persson Å, Chapin FS III, Lambin EF, Lenton TM, Scheffer M,
Folke C, Schellnhuber HJ, Nykvist B, De Wit CA, Hughes T, Van der Leeuw S, Rodhe H, Sörlin
S, Snyder PK, Costanza R, Svedin U, Falkenmark M, Karlberg L, Corell RW, Fabry VJ, Hansen
J, Walker B, Liverman D, Richardson K, Crutzen P, Foley JA (2009) A safe operating space for
humanity. Nature 461:472–475
Rogelj J, McCollum D, O’Neill BC, Riahi K (2013) 2020 emissions levels required to limit warming
to below 2 °C. Nat Clim Change 3:405–412
Samuel-Johnson K, Esty DC (2000) Pilot environmental sustainability index report. Annual
Meeting, Davos, Switzerland, World Economic Forum
Schyns JF, Hoekstra AY (2014) The added value of water footprint assessment for national water
policy: a case study for Morocco. PLoS ONE 9:e99705
Smith NJ, McDonald GW, Patterson MG (2014) Is there overshoot of planetary limits? new indicators of human appropriation of the global biogeochemical cycles relative to their regenerative
capacity based on ‘ecotime’ analysis. Ecol Econ 104:80–92
Steffen W, Richardson K, Rockström J, Cornell SE, Fetzer I, Bennett EM, Biggs R, Carpenter SR,
De Vries W, De Wit CA, Folke C, Gerten D, Heinke J, Mace GM, Persson LM, Ramanathan
V, Reyers B, Sörlin S (2015) Planetary boundaries: guiding human development on a changing
planet. Science 347, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1259855
Steinhart CE, Schierow L-J, Sonzogni WC (1982) An environmental quality index for the great
lakes. J Am Water Resour Assoc 18:1025–1031
Sutton P, Costanza R (2002) Global estimates of market and non-market values derived from
nighttime satellite imagery, land cover, and ecosystem service valuation. Ecol Econ 41:509–527
Tuomisto HL, Hodge ID, Riordan P, Macdonald DW (2012) Exploring a safe operating approach to
weighting in life cycle impact assessment—a case study of organic, conventional and integrated
farming systems. J Cleaner Prod 37:147–153
UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) (2014). The Emissions Gap Report 2014: A
UNEP Synthesis Report. http://www.unep.org/publications/ebooks/emissionsgapreport2014/por
tals/50268/pdf/EGR2014_LOWRES.pdf
Van den Bergh JCJM, Grazi F (2014) Ecological footprint policy? land use as an environmental
indicator. J Ind Ecol 18:10–19
Wackernagel M, Rees WE (1997) Perceptual and structural barriers to investing in natural capital:
economics from an ecological footprint perspective. Ecol Econ 20:3–24
Weinzettel J, Hertwich EG, Peters GP, Steen-Olsen K, Galli A (2013) Affluence drives the global
displacement of land use. Glob Environ Change 23:433–438
Wiedmann T (2009) A review of recent multi-region input-output models used for consumptionbased emissions and resource accounting. Ecol Econ 69:211–222
Wiedmann T, Minx J (2008) A definition of ‘carbon footprint’. In: Pertsova CC (ed) Ecological
economics research trends. Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge, New York, USA, pp 1–11
6 Benchmarking the Carbon, Water and Land Footprints …
Rees WE (1992) Ecological footprint and appropriated carrying capacity: what urban economics
leaves out. Environ Urbanization 4:121–130
Rockström J, Gordon L, Folke C, Falkenmark M, Engwall M (1999) Linkages among water vapor
flows, food production, and terrestrial ecosystem services. Conserv Ecol 3(2):5
Rockström J, Steffen W, Noone K, Persson Å, Chapin FS III, Lambin EF, Lenton TM, Scheffer M,
Folke C, Schellnhuber HJ, Nykvist B, De Wit CA, Hughes T, Van der Leeuw S, Rodhe H, Sörlin
S, Snyder PK, Costanza R, Svedin U, Falkenmark M, Karlberg L, Corell RW, Fabry VJ, Hansen
J, Walker B, Liverman D, Richardson K, Crutzen P, Foley JA (2009) A safe operating space for
humanity. Nature 461:472–475
Rogelj J, McCollum D, O’Neill BC, Riahi K (2013) 2020 emissions levels required to limit warming
to below 2 °C. Nat Clim Change 3:405–412
Samuel-Johnson K, Esty DC (2000) Pilot environmental sustainability index report. Annual
Meeting, Davos, Switzerland, World Economic Forum
Schyns JF, Hoekstra AY (2014) The added value of water footprint assessment for national water
policy: a case study for Morocco. PLoS ONE 9:e99705
Smith NJ, McDonald GW, Patterson MG (2014) Is there overshoot of planetary limits? new indicators of human appropriation of the global biogeochemical cycles relative to their regenerative
capacity based on ‘ecotime’ analysis. Ecol Econ 104:80–92
Steffen W, Richardson K, Rockström J, Cornell SE, Fetzer I, Bennett EM, Biggs R, Carpenter SR,
De Vries W, De Wit CA, Folke C, Gerten D, Heinke J, Mace GM, Persson LM, Ramanathan
V, Reyers B, Sörlin S (2015) Planetary boundaries: guiding human development on a changing
planet. Science 347, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1259855
Steinhart CE, Schierow L-J, Sonzogni WC (1982) An environmental quality index for the great
lakes. J Am Water Resour Assoc 18:1025–1031
Sutton P, Costanza R (2002) Global estimates of market and non-market values derived from
nighttime satellite imagery, land cover, and ecosystem service valuation. Ecol Econ 41:509–527
Tuomisto HL, Hodge ID, Riordan P, Macdonald DW (2012) Exploring a safe operating approach to
weighting in life cycle impact assessment—a case study of organic, conventional and integrated
farming systems. J Cleaner Prod 37:147–153
UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) (2014). The Emissions Gap Report 2014: A
UNEP Synthesis Report. http://www.unep.org/publications/ebooks/emissionsgapreport2014/por
tals/50268/pdf/EGR2014_LOWRES.pdf
Van den Bergh JCJM, Grazi F (2014) Ecological footprint policy? land use as an environmental
indicator. J Ind Ecol 18:10–19
Wackernagel M, Rees WE (1997) Perceptual and structural barriers to investing in natural capital:
economics from an ecological footprint perspective. Ecol Econ 20:3–24
Weinzettel J, Hertwich EG, Peters GP, Steen-Olsen K, Galli A (2013) Affluence drives the global
displacement of land use. Glob Environ Change 23:433–438
Wiedmann T (2009) A review of recent multi-region input-output models used for consumptionbased emissions and resource accounting. Ecol Econ 69:211–222
Wiedmann T, Minx J (2008) A definition of ‘carbon footprint’. In: Pertsova CC (ed) Ecological
economics research trends. Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge, New York, USA, pp 1–11