48
R. Cie´ sli´ nski
Surface water usage in Słowi´ nski National Park includes different forms of activity
in some ways related to protection work [40]. This includes irrigation of meadows
and refilling ponds with fish in lakes Łebsko and Gardno. The goal is to balance
the species composition and the number of fish in the two lakes. Swimming is not
allowed in the park, as is sailing and the use of motorboats. Also not permitted are
water sports, fishing, and the catching of sea creatures along the sea coast. Water
sports are permitted at selected sites along lakes Łebsko and Gardno. Fishing along
the sea coast is also permitted along tourist trails. Lake fishing is also permitted [41].
Research has shown that the lakes are strongly eutrophicated and overall water quality
is poor. This is largely due to the influx of biogenic substances. One other major factor
in lake water quality in the park is periodic seawater intrusions manifested by high
concentrations of chloride, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and sulfate as well as
high specific conductivity [42].
Chloride is a particularly good indicator of Baltic Sea effects on the two lakes
(Fig. 3.6). The maximum concentration of chloride in Lake Łebsko can reach about
1,900 mg•dm
3 , while in Lake Gardno about 1,500 mg•dm
3 [43].
Given the unique location of the park and especially the location of lakes across its
lower elevations (Fig. 3.7), main threats to surface water quality come from outside
the park. The Łeba and Łupawa rivers flowing through the park collect most of
the pollutants present in the catchment. Seawater intrusions may also pollute the
two lakes in some cases. However, the greatest threat to water quality is wastewater releases and unregulated wastewater management near the park. Areal pollution
is another source of problems for the park, especially agricultural pollution [44].
1
10
100
1000
10000
Łebsko
Gardno
Dołgie Wielkie Dołgie Małe Smołdzińskie
Chloride [mgdm -3
]
Minimum
Average
Maximum
Fig. 3.6 Minimum, mean, and maximum concentration of chloride in lake water in Słowi´ nski
National Park in the years 2002–2008
R. Cie´ sli´ nski
Surface water usage in Słowi´ nski National Park includes different forms of activity
in some ways related to protection work [40]. This includes irrigation of meadows
and refilling ponds with fish in lakes Łebsko and Gardno. The goal is to balance
the species composition and the number of fish in the two lakes. Swimming is not
allowed in the park, as is sailing and the use of motorboats. Also not permitted are
water sports, fishing, and the catching of sea creatures along the sea coast. Water
sports are permitted at selected sites along lakes Łebsko and Gardno. Fishing along
the sea coast is also permitted along tourist trails. Lake fishing is also permitted [41].
Research has shown that the lakes are strongly eutrophicated and overall water quality
is poor. This is largely due to the influx of biogenic substances. One other major factor
in lake water quality in the park is periodic seawater intrusions manifested by high
concentrations of chloride, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and sulfate as well as
high specific conductivity [42].
Chloride is a particularly good indicator of Baltic Sea effects on the two lakes
(Fig. 3.6). The maximum concentration of chloride in Lake Łebsko can reach about
1,900 mg•dm
3 , while in Lake Gardno about 1,500 mg•dm
3 [43].
Given the unique location of the park and especially the location of lakes across its
lower elevations (Fig. 3.7), main threats to surface water quality come from outside
the park. The Łeba and Łupawa rivers flowing through the park collect most of
the pollutants present in the catchment. Seawater intrusions may also pollute the
two lakes in some cases. However, the greatest threat to water quality is wastewater releases and unregulated wastewater management near the park. Areal pollution
is another source of problems for the park, especially agricultural pollution [44].
1
10
100
1000
10000
Łebsko
Gardno
Dołgie Wielkie Dołgie Małe Smołdzińskie
Chloride [mgdm -3
]
Minimum
Average
Maximum
Fig. 3.6 Minimum, mean, and maximum concentration of chloride in lake water in Słowi´ nski
National Park in the years 2002–2008