276
M. Habel et al.
into the assessment of riverbed’s topographical variations provide insight on elevation changes due to erosion or deposition processes [86, 87]. To detect such changes,
volumetric analysis using DEMs are based on comparison of two DEM data sets
collected for two different periods, as only data sets captured for two different periods
can result in the estimation of land loss or gain for a vast area [88]. Regarding analysis
in GIS framework, there are two approaches commonly used for DEMs volumetric
analysis. First one is related to the creation of DEM of Difference (DoD), whereas
the second one is a comparison of cross-section profiles created based on developed
DEMs. DoD approach is based on a mathematical algorithm for assessment volumetric changes of landforms on two different periods [89]. Creation of DoDs usually
is related to subtraction of one elevation model from another to disclose a mosaic of
morphological change.
The intensity of sediment and its load is also determined by indirect methods
(empirical formulas), requiring knowledge of the hydraulic parameters of the channel
and the granulometric characteristics of sediment grains [90]. The Skibi´ nski formula
[77] was developed and used on the Vistula in Warsaw. According to Skibi´ nski, the
amount of bed load is directly related to the water flow function:
G = 0.005 Q
1.286
(1)
where
Q water flow in m
3 /s,
G the size of bed load in dm
3 /s.
12.4 Sediment Dynamics Investigation—The Vistula
River Case Study
In the face of government plans for the development of the Vistula and Oder Rivers,
there is a need for conducting pilot studies on the assessment of suspended and bed
load sediment transport. On the Vistula River in the years 2020–2030, investments
are to be implemented that affect the continuity of sediment transport. On the lower
section, a new dam with a reservoir is to be built—a continuation of an unfinished
cascade, and on the middle and lower Vistula, a governmental development program
for inland waterways is planned [91]. In order to meet the planned investments,
research on the dynamics of sediments in the Vistula channel is conducted mainly
on the lower Vistula section [17, 64, 92]. As part of the research, the latest technical
developments (measuring devices) and research approaches in the field of sediment
monitoring are implemented.
M. Habel et al.
into the assessment of riverbed’s topographical variations provide insight on elevation changes due to erosion or deposition processes [86, 87]. To detect such changes,
volumetric analysis using DEMs are based on comparison of two DEM data sets
collected for two different periods, as only data sets captured for two different periods
can result in the estimation of land loss or gain for a vast area [88]. Regarding analysis
in GIS framework, there are two approaches commonly used for DEMs volumetric
analysis. First one is related to the creation of DEM of Difference (DoD), whereas
the second one is a comparison of cross-section profiles created based on developed
DEMs. DoD approach is based on a mathematical algorithm for assessment volumetric changes of landforms on two different periods [89]. Creation of DoDs usually
is related to subtraction of one elevation model from another to disclose a mosaic of
morphological change.
The intensity of sediment and its load is also determined by indirect methods
(empirical formulas), requiring knowledge of the hydraulic parameters of the channel
and the granulometric characteristics of sediment grains [90]. The Skibi´ nski formula
[77] was developed and used on the Vistula in Warsaw. According to Skibi´ nski, the
amount of bed load is directly related to the water flow function:
G = 0.005 Q
1.286
(1)
where
Q water flow in m
3 /s,
G the size of bed load in dm
3 /s.
12.4 Sediment Dynamics Investigation—The Vistula
River Case Study
In the face of government plans for the development of the Vistula and Oder Rivers,
there is a need for conducting pilot studies on the assessment of suspended and bed
load sediment transport. On the Vistula River in the years 2020–2030, investments
are to be implemented that affect the continuity of sediment transport. On the lower
section, a new dam with a reservoir is to be built—a continuation of an unfinished
cascade, and on the middle and lower Vistula, a governmental development program
for inland waterways is planned [91]. In order to meet the planned investments,
research on the dynamics of sediments in the Vistula channel is conducted mainly
on the lower Vistula section [17, 64, 92]. As part of the research, the latest technical
developments (measuring devices) and research approaches in the field of sediment
monitoring are implemented.