11 Monitoring of Groundwater Quality in Poland
245
In the remaining area of Poland, concentrations of sodium ions occur within
the range from 2,1–65,5 mg/dm
3 to 100 mg/dm
3 and occasionally exceeding this
amount—observation wells number II/1776/1 and I/640/1, whereas the concentrations of chlorides range from 2 to 50 mg/dm
3 , reaching the value over 100 mg/dm
3
only in one observation well number II/1776/1. The increased concentrations of
nitrates ranging from 39,2 to 57 mg/dm
3 have been reported in the observation wells
at a depth of 60 metres, where the groundwater table stabilises at a depth of around 10
metres (observation wells number II/294/1, II/613/1, II/1776/1). The concentrations
of sulphates occur within the range from 1,41 mg/dm
3 (observation well number
II/969/1) to 60 mg/dm
3 (observation wells I/388/1 and II/493/1). Concentrations of
the remaining ions are not fundamentally different from the neutral hydrochemical
background.
11.3.4 Jurassic Aquifer Level
The chemical properties of the groundwater of the Jurassic aquifer have been
presented on the basis of analyses of major ion concentrations from 12 observation
wells of different depth ranging from 25 to 2355 m (Table 11.4). Two-ionic waters
of the HCO 3 -Ca type and three-ionic waters of the HCO 3 –Ca–Mg type prevail. In
three observation wells the occurrence of multi-ionic waters of the HCO 3 –Cl–SO 4 –
Ca–Na type (observation well number II/384/1), HCO 3 –Cl–SO 4 –NO 3 –Ca–Na type
(observation well number II/392/1) and HCO 3 –Na–Mg–Ca type (observation well
number I/173/1) has been reported. The reason for this state of affairs is anthropogenic pollution in the case of the first two wells on account of the shallowly seated
groundwater table (approximately 4 m). The chemical status of the groundwater from
the observation well number I/173/1 is affected by the depth of the borehole reaching
over 2300 m, and it is most likely connected with geogenic factors. The different
chemical status of the groundwater from the observation wells number II/384/1 and
II/392/1 has been presented in the Piper diagram (Fig. 11.7).
The concentrations of sulphates reach the highest value in the observation well
number II/384/1 and amount to 76,6 mg/dm
3 . In the remaining monitoring points,
their values range from 2,66 to 39,4 mg/dm
3 . The concentrations of chlorides and
sodium exceed the range of hydrogeochemical background typical for the area of
Poland only in the borehole number II/384/1. In the remaining observation wells their
values range from 2,46 (observation well number I/470/3) to 18 mg/dm
3 (observation
well number I/173/1) as far as chlorides are concerned and from 1,9 (observation
well number II/1618/1) to 40 mg/dm
3 (observation well number I/173/1). In two
wells numbered II/384/1 and II/392/1 increased concentrations of nitrates have been
reported. Exceedances of Fe and Mn which are widespread in the groundwater of the
Quaternary aquifer and Palaeogene and Neogene aquifer occur here only in a single
case, in the observation well number II/384/1.
245
In the remaining area of Poland, concentrations of sodium ions occur within
the range from 2,1–65,5 mg/dm
3 to 100 mg/dm
3 and occasionally exceeding this
amount—observation wells number II/1776/1 and I/640/1, whereas the concentrations of chlorides range from 2 to 50 mg/dm
3 , reaching the value over 100 mg/dm
3
only in one observation well number II/1776/1. The increased concentrations of
nitrates ranging from 39,2 to 57 mg/dm
3 have been reported in the observation wells
at a depth of 60 metres, where the groundwater table stabilises at a depth of around 10
metres (observation wells number II/294/1, II/613/1, II/1776/1). The concentrations
of sulphates occur within the range from 1,41 mg/dm
3 (observation well number
II/969/1) to 60 mg/dm
3 (observation wells I/388/1 and II/493/1). Concentrations of
the remaining ions are not fundamentally different from the neutral hydrochemical
background.
11.3.4 Jurassic Aquifer Level
The chemical properties of the groundwater of the Jurassic aquifer have been
presented on the basis of analyses of major ion concentrations from 12 observation
wells of different depth ranging from 25 to 2355 m (Table 11.4). Two-ionic waters
of the HCO 3 -Ca type and three-ionic waters of the HCO 3 –Ca–Mg type prevail. In
three observation wells the occurrence of multi-ionic waters of the HCO 3 –Cl–SO 4 –
Ca–Na type (observation well number II/384/1), HCO 3 –Cl–SO 4 –NO 3 –Ca–Na type
(observation well number II/392/1) and HCO 3 –Na–Mg–Ca type (observation well
number I/173/1) has been reported. The reason for this state of affairs is anthropogenic pollution in the case of the first two wells on account of the shallowly seated
groundwater table (approximately 4 m). The chemical status of the groundwater from
the observation well number I/173/1 is affected by the depth of the borehole reaching
over 2300 m, and it is most likely connected with geogenic factors. The different
chemical status of the groundwater from the observation wells number II/384/1 and
II/392/1 has been presented in the Piper diagram (Fig. 11.7).
The concentrations of sulphates reach the highest value in the observation well
number II/384/1 and amount to 76,6 mg/dm
3 . In the remaining monitoring points,
their values range from 2,66 to 39,4 mg/dm
3 . The concentrations of chlorides and
sodium exceed the range of hydrogeochemical background typical for the area of
Poland only in the borehole number II/384/1. In the remaining observation wells their
values range from 2,46 (observation well number I/470/3) to 18 mg/dm
3 (observation
well number I/173/1) as far as chlorides are concerned and from 1,9 (observation
well number II/1618/1) to 40 mg/dm
3 (observation well number I/173/1). In two
wells numbered II/384/1 and II/392/1 increased concentrations of nitrates have been
reported. Exceedances of Fe and Mn which are widespread in the groundwater of the
Quaternary aquifer and Palaeogene and Neogene aquifer occur here only in a single
case, in the observation well number II/384/1.