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J. Kubiak and S. Machula
the scope of activities in the catchment area (especially when it is susceptible to
release of cargoes), protection of individual lakes (including the appropriate fishing
industry) and determining the ways of their reclamation.
It is necessary to undertake research on the development of a concept for the
protection of the waters of the West Pomeranian Lake District. This approach requires
comprehensive research, including determination of water resources based on current
morphometric data of individual bodies. Currently applied in Poland systems for
assessing lake susceptibility to degradation are largely based on morphometric data
of reservoirs, however, since they originate mainly from the 1960s, they should be
updated. Currently, the assessment of lake water quality for monitoring purposes
includes only selected hydrochemical indicators, measurements of which are made
during the spring circulation and summer stagnation. Water quality tests in lakes
should be conducted in annual cycles, in all limnological seasons, at a frequency of
at least 7–8 times a year. On the basis of the research, the assessment of the functioning
of lake ecosystems in the scope of physical, chemical, and biological factors should
be made, taking into account their seasonal variability. Determined on the basis
of physiographic indicators and catchment, lake susceptibility to degradation may
not be directly related to water quality. The most degraded lakes do not have to be
distinguished by particularly low resilience, because their condition is primarily the
result of strong anthropopression (intensive agriculture, point sources of pollution).
9.7 Recommendations
In the longer term, protective measures should lead to immediate measures eliminating or reducing the size of area sources of pollution. Therefore, the use of the
drainage basin should be fundamentally changed, the use of artificial fertilizers should
be rationalized, pre- and catch crops should be used and all actions aimed at creating
long-term soil cover of soils in the catchment area should be taken. It is necessary to
regulate and control the sewage management of towns and recreation centers located
around lakes. A sustainable strip of vegetation should be created as a barrier that
limits the migration of nutrients towards lakes. It is advisable to undertake reclamation measures aimed at reducing the “internal” supply of biogens by their inactivation
in bottom sediments.
References
1. Vollenweider RA (1971) Scientific fundamentals of the eutrophication of lakes and following
waters, with reference to nitrogen and phosphorous as factors in eutrophication. OECD,
Environment Directorate, Paris 27, 1–61
2. Kajak Z (1998) Hydrobiologia – limnologia. PWN, Warszawa, pp 1–355
3. Kajak Z (1979) Eutrofizacja jezior. Warszawa
4. Kalff J (2001) Limnology. Upper Saddle River, NJ
J. Kubiak and S. Machula
the scope of activities in the catchment area (especially when it is susceptible to
release of cargoes), protection of individual lakes (including the appropriate fishing
industry) and determining the ways of their reclamation.
It is necessary to undertake research on the development of a concept for the
protection of the waters of the West Pomeranian Lake District. This approach requires
comprehensive research, including determination of water resources based on current
morphometric data of individual bodies. Currently applied in Poland systems for
assessing lake susceptibility to degradation are largely based on morphometric data
of reservoirs, however, since they originate mainly from the 1960s, they should be
updated. Currently, the assessment of lake water quality for monitoring purposes
includes only selected hydrochemical indicators, measurements of which are made
during the spring circulation and summer stagnation. Water quality tests in lakes
should be conducted in annual cycles, in all limnological seasons, at a frequency of
at least 7–8 times a year. On the basis of the research, the assessment of the functioning
of lake ecosystems in the scope of physical, chemical, and biological factors should
be made, taking into account their seasonal variability. Determined on the basis
of physiographic indicators and catchment, lake susceptibility to degradation may
not be directly related to water quality. The most degraded lakes do not have to be
distinguished by particularly low resilience, because their condition is primarily the
result of strong anthropopression (intensive agriculture, point sources of pollution).
9.7 Recommendations
In the longer term, protective measures should lead to immediate measures eliminating or reducing the size of area sources of pollution. Therefore, the use of the
drainage basin should be fundamentally changed, the use of artificial fertilizers should
be rationalized, pre- and catch crops should be used and all actions aimed at creating
long-term soil cover of soils in the catchment area should be taken. It is necessary to
regulate and control the sewage management of towns and recreation centers located
around lakes. A sustainable strip of vegetation should be created as a barrier that
limits the migration of nutrients towards lakes. It is advisable to undertake reclamation measures aimed at reducing the “internal” supply of biogens by their inactivation
in bottom sediments.
References
1. Vollenweider RA (1971) Scientific fundamentals of the eutrophication of lakes and following
waters, with reference to nitrogen and phosphorous as factors in eutrophication. OECD,
Environment Directorate, Paris 27, 1–61
2. Kajak Z (1998) Hydrobiologia – limnologia. PWN, Warszawa, pp 1–355
3. Kajak Z (1979) Eutrofizacja jezior. Warszawa
4. Kalff J (2001) Limnology. Upper Saddle River, NJ