186
R. Ula´ nczyk et al.
Fig. 8.8 Spatial distribution
of tracer introduced to the
reservoir with all inflows at
the concentration of 1 mg/l
after a year of simulation
(top) and a concentration of
the tracer in the outflow of
the reservoir (bottom) for
four scenarios: (Scen. 0)
observed inflows, (1) SNQ
(2) SSQ and (3) SWQ
the main inflows. The difference between the retention time in the surface and the
bottom layers did not exceed one day except for areas close to the main inflows.
The average retention time calculated for characteristic inflow rates, i.e., the average
low flow rate—SNQ, the average flow rate—SSQ and the average high flow rate—
SWQ was 317, 141 and 37 days, respectively. Even though the flow direction in
the reservoir was wind-driven mainly, it was estimated that the dominating flow
direction was to the south in the central part of the reservoir and to the north along
eastern and western banks. Potential paths of the pollutants transport were assessed
based on virtual tracers introduced to the reservoir individually with separate, seven
inflows and a tracer introduced with all inflows all together. Figure 8.8 presents the
spatial distribution of the tracer after a year of simulation and changes in the tracer
concentration in the outflow from the reservoir. Both outcomes are presented for four
scenarios: (0) observed inflows, (1) SNQ, (2) SSQ, and (3) SWQ. According to the
model outputs, dissolved substances that enter the reservoir with surface waters are
uniformly distributed over the entire reservoir except for the locations next to main
inflows in the northern and eastern parts, and except for periods of the average low
inflow (scenario 1). The concentration in inflows and in the outflow is almost equal
in all scenarios but the scenario 1, however, the travel time of the pollution (tracer)
varied considerably in analysed scenarios (see Fig. 8.8).
8.3 Conclusions
Mathematical models are extensively used worldwide and are more and more
commonly used in Poland as well. The application of mathematical models as tools
R. Ula´ nczyk et al.
Fig. 8.8 Spatial distribution
of tracer introduced to the
reservoir with all inflows at
the concentration of 1 mg/l
after a year of simulation
(top) and a concentration of
the tracer in the outflow of
the reservoir (bottom) for
four scenarios: (Scen. 0)
observed inflows, (1) SNQ
(2) SSQ and (3) SWQ
the main inflows. The difference between the retention time in the surface and the
bottom layers did not exceed one day except for areas close to the main inflows.
The average retention time calculated for characteristic inflow rates, i.e., the average
low flow rate—SNQ, the average flow rate—SSQ and the average high flow rate—
SWQ was 317, 141 and 37 days, respectively. Even though the flow direction in
the reservoir was wind-driven mainly, it was estimated that the dominating flow
direction was to the south in the central part of the reservoir and to the north along
eastern and western banks. Potential paths of the pollutants transport were assessed
based on virtual tracers introduced to the reservoir individually with separate, seven
inflows and a tracer introduced with all inflows all together. Figure 8.8 presents the
spatial distribution of the tracer after a year of simulation and changes in the tracer
concentration in the outflow from the reservoir. Both outcomes are presented for four
scenarios: (0) observed inflows, (1) SNQ, (2) SSQ, and (3) SWQ. According to the
model outputs, dissolved substances that enter the reservoir with surface waters are
uniformly distributed over the entire reservoir except for the locations next to main
inflows in the northern and eastern parts, and except for periods of the average low
inflow (scenario 1). The concentration in inflows and in the outflow is almost equal
in all scenarios but the scenario 1, however, the travel time of the pollution (tracer)
varied considerably in analysed scenarios (see Fig. 8.8).
8.3 Conclusions
Mathematical models are extensively used worldwide and are more and more
commonly used in Poland as well. The application of mathematical models as tools