112
L. Łab˛ edzki et al.
be made, for particular actions associated with agriculture to be acknowledged by
the provincial centers of the agricultural advisory, agricultural chambers, research
institutes, agricultural schools to a degree etc.
In recent years, as well as in all years coming onwards, three main factors drive
the development of irrigation and drainage [18]:
– increased frequency and intensity of extreme climate events that conditions the
deficit or excess of water in the soil profile, which, as a result, leads to reduced
crops and causes uncertainty in economic enterprises of agricultural farms,
– the intensification of possible agricultural produce, being stimulated by the
inner domestic and all-European merchandise competition; its stability is needed
every year because, among other things, only then helps to conclude different
agreements with the users of agricultural crops.
– the demand for high quality of the majority of agricultural products; one of the
examples depicts consumable potatoes, especially for collective nutrition units;
their indispensable qualitative standard (size; shape, equality) could be realistic
only under the conditions of sprinkler irrigation, i.e. in the conditions of prolonged,
optimum moisture content of soils.
Irrigation and drainage are to be considered as elements of integrated water
management approach in a watershed [20]. Apart from the problems, general objectives, options and future fate of irrigation and drainage deserves insight from the
viewpoint of water management planning. The scale of problems to be addressed
by the wise management of water resources (respecting the principles of sustainable
development) has been recently recognized in Poland as it was already discussed in
previous sections of this paper.
Due to foreseen climate changes and related extreme meteorological and hydrological events (droughts, floods), it is essential to revise planning guidelines, design
criteria, operation assumptions, emergency plans and management policies for water
infrastructure and to outline the role of irrigation, drainage systems and agricultural water storage so as to hamper utmost events. In order to restrict the aftermath
of whether extremes, the appropriate methods and adaptation strategies should be
elaborated and implemented to existing irrigation/drainage systems.
Knowledge—based and consistent activities are directed at the refinement of operation, maintenance, administrative aspects and decision making on water problems.
Proposed measures include:
– remodelling of irrigation/drainage and water supply systems to improve their
effectiveness for infow and outflow of water,
– revision of O&M of irrigation/drainage schemes and water systems,
– utilization of current energy- and water-efficient approach in irrigation,
– refinement of irrigation efficiency,
– increase of crop water use capability,
– renovation of existing infrastructure for storage and distribution of water,
– increasing available water resources (in soils, streams, reservoirs),
L. Łab˛ edzki et al.
be made, for particular actions associated with agriculture to be acknowledged by
the provincial centers of the agricultural advisory, agricultural chambers, research
institutes, agricultural schools to a degree etc.
In recent years, as well as in all years coming onwards, three main factors drive
the development of irrigation and drainage [18]:
– increased frequency and intensity of extreme climate events that conditions the
deficit or excess of water in the soil profile, which, as a result, leads to reduced
crops and causes uncertainty in economic enterprises of agricultural farms,
– the intensification of possible agricultural produce, being stimulated by the
inner domestic and all-European merchandise competition; its stability is needed
every year because, among other things, only then helps to conclude different
agreements with the users of agricultural crops.
– the demand for high quality of the majority of agricultural products; one of the
examples depicts consumable potatoes, especially for collective nutrition units;
their indispensable qualitative standard (size; shape, equality) could be realistic
only under the conditions of sprinkler irrigation, i.e. in the conditions of prolonged,
optimum moisture content of soils.
Irrigation and drainage are to be considered as elements of integrated water
management approach in a watershed [20]. Apart from the problems, general objectives, options and future fate of irrigation and drainage deserves insight from the
viewpoint of water management planning. The scale of problems to be addressed
by the wise management of water resources (respecting the principles of sustainable
development) has been recently recognized in Poland as it was already discussed in
previous sections of this paper.
Due to foreseen climate changes and related extreme meteorological and hydrological events (droughts, floods), it is essential to revise planning guidelines, design
criteria, operation assumptions, emergency plans and management policies for water
infrastructure and to outline the role of irrigation, drainage systems and agricultural water storage so as to hamper utmost events. In order to restrict the aftermath
of whether extremes, the appropriate methods and adaptation strategies should be
elaborated and implemented to existing irrigation/drainage systems.
Knowledge—based and consistent activities are directed at the refinement of operation, maintenance, administrative aspects and decision making on water problems.
Proposed measures include:
– remodelling of irrigation/drainage and water supply systems to improve their
effectiveness for infow and outflow of water,
– revision of O&M of irrigation/drainage schemes and water systems,
– utilization of current energy- and water-efficient approach in irrigation,
– refinement of irrigation efficiency,
– increase of crop water use capability,
– renovation of existing infrastructure for storage and distribution of water,
– increasing available water resources (in soils, streams, reservoirs),