and to manage their treatment facilities during repairs. It is also used by drinking
water manufacturers using the river water supply. It can also be mobilized during
crisis management in the case of accidental pollution, the last one being due to a fire
that affected part of the Seine Aval WWTP in July 2019.
While Riverstrahler is well suited to diffuse pollution management over the
whole basin and to the simulation of social responses over decades, ProSe has
been designed for water quality restoration downstream of point sources of pollutants in urbanized and industrialized river sectors, from accidental pollution and
rainstorm impacts to pluri-annual management. As such, both modelling approaches
are fully complementary. Both models have been used by the river basin authority
(Comité de basin) for the second general management scheme of the basin
(SDAGE).
However, the tools themselves largely remain in the hands of researchers or
practitioners with modelling expertise [24]. Only researchers have the ability to
operate the model and change its code, while partners operate the model without
being able to make changes in the code or benefit from the knowledge produced by
modelling without operating the model or directly using its outputs. This strategy has
the advantage of saving the substantial investment in time and resources required of
researchers and practitioners in order to render them more accessible to nonexperts
on the one hand and of developing the necessary internal expertise among practitioners on the other.
3.3 Conceptual Models Interpret Relationships Between
Society and the Hydrosystem Over the Longue Durée
River basins and their societies coevolve over the longue durée, multi-decadal to
multisecular. Since its second stage (see Figs. 9 and 10 in [5]), the PIREN-Seine has
taken the view that the socio-hydrosystem was also dynamic at this temporality and
that the current situation was the result of a long history of interactions between basin
societies and the river. The history of the socio-hydrosystem can be presented
through narratives and conceptual schematic interactions and the trajectories of the
system and by extending models from the past. Compared with the factual content of
an evolution, the notion of trajectory includes an interpretation of the elements
selected to answer the question posed. Thus, in the example developed in Box 4,
the long-standing relationship between the quality of watercourses and major
European cities has been understood through the perception of pollution and its
effects, as well as the measures taken by the water and sanitation services to address
them [25] (Table 1).
Data to trace long-term trajectories on river state are not provided by watercourse
managers, either because they do not exist or because they have not yet been
exploited; they are reconstructed through (1) backward reconstruction of water
River Basin Visions: Tools and Approaches from Yesterday to Tomorrow
395
water manufacturers using the river water supply. It can also be mobilized during
crisis management in the case of accidental pollution, the last one being due to a fire
that affected part of the Seine Aval WWTP in July 2019.
While Riverstrahler is well suited to diffuse pollution management over the
whole basin and to the simulation of social responses over decades, ProSe has
been designed for water quality restoration downstream of point sources of pollutants in urbanized and industrialized river sectors, from accidental pollution and
rainstorm impacts to pluri-annual management. As such, both modelling approaches
are fully complementary. Both models have been used by the river basin authority
(Comité de basin) for the second general management scheme of the basin
(SDAGE).
However, the tools themselves largely remain in the hands of researchers or
practitioners with modelling expertise [24]. Only researchers have the ability to
operate the model and change its code, while partners operate the model without
being able to make changes in the code or benefit from the knowledge produced by
modelling without operating the model or directly using its outputs. This strategy has
the advantage of saving the substantial investment in time and resources required of
researchers and practitioners in order to render them more accessible to nonexperts
on the one hand and of developing the necessary internal expertise among practitioners on the other.
3.3 Conceptual Models Interpret Relationships Between
Society and the Hydrosystem Over the Longue Durée
River basins and their societies coevolve over the longue durée, multi-decadal to
multisecular. Since its second stage (see Figs. 9 and 10 in [5]), the PIREN-Seine has
taken the view that the socio-hydrosystem was also dynamic at this temporality and
that the current situation was the result of a long history of interactions between basin
societies and the river. The history of the socio-hydrosystem can be presented
through narratives and conceptual schematic interactions and the trajectories of the
system and by extending models from the past. Compared with the factual content of
an evolution, the notion of trajectory includes an interpretation of the elements
selected to answer the question posed. Thus, in the example developed in Box 4,
the long-standing relationship between the quality of watercourses and major
European cities has been understood through the perception of pollution and its
effects, as well as the measures taken by the water and sanitation services to address
them [25] (Table 1).
Data to trace long-term trajectories on river state are not provided by watercourse
managers, either because they do not exist or because they have not yet been
exploited; they are reconstructed through (1) backward reconstruction of water
River Basin Visions: Tools and Approaches from Yesterday to Tomorrow
395