4.3 Antibiotics at the Seine River Outlet (1954–2004)
Several antibiotics were analysed on the Seine River outlet OUT 1 core for a period of
40 years (1954–2004) [19]. The temporal evolution of norfloxacin, flumequine,
oxolinic acid, sulfamethoxazole and nalidixic acid is specific to each compound
(Fig. 6). Norfloxacin was detected below its quantification limit in two slices out of
45. Flumequine, oxolinic acid and nalidixic acid were accurately recorded: (1) their
emergence date in the record is 2–3 years after or before their assumed first use;
(2) they present a general maximum near 1988 for flumequine, oxolinic acid and
nalidixic acid. The progressive decrease could be due to (1) changes in the
Fig. 6 Evolution of antibiotic contents in sediment archives of the Seine River at its outlet (OUT 1 ),
from [19]. Vertical bars indicate the date of marketing authorisation
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S. Ayrault et al.
Several antibiotics were analysed on the Seine River outlet OUT 1 core for a period of
40 years (1954–2004) [19]. The temporal evolution of norfloxacin, flumequine,
oxolinic acid, sulfamethoxazole and nalidixic acid is specific to each compound
(Fig. 6). Norfloxacin was detected below its quantification limit in two slices out of
45. Flumequine, oxolinic acid and nalidixic acid were accurately recorded: (1) their
emergence date in the record is 2–3 years after or before their assumed first use;
(2) they present a general maximum near 1988 for flumequine, oxolinic acid and
nalidixic acid. The progressive decrease could be due to (1) changes in the
Fig. 6 Evolution of antibiotic contents in sediment archives of the Seine River at its outlet (OUT 1 ),
from [19]. Vertical bars indicate the date of marketing authorisation
284
S. Ayrault et al.