to the connection of toilets to the sewer. Much less of Paris sewage water was
directly discharged into the river.
In terms of circularity, the situation radically changed within a few decades. The
recycling efficiency of dry collection and treatment (N-DEC) had been steadily but
slowly rising since the beginning of the nineteenth century. Thanks to improvements
Fig. 5 House drainage, 1880s [31]
Fig. 4 Scheme of a tinette filtrante. Solids are kept in the barrel (C) while liquids flow to the sewer
(I) [30] (Credit: Gallica)
Past and Future Trajectories of Human Excreta Management Systems: Paris. . .
127
directly discharged into the river.
In terms of circularity, the situation radically changed within a few decades. The
recycling efficiency of dry collection and treatment (N-DEC) had been steadily but
slowly rising since the beginning of the nineteenth century. Thanks to improvements
Fig. 5 House drainage, 1880s [31]
Fig. 4 Scheme of a tinette filtrante. Solids are kept in the barrel (C) while liquids flow to the sewer
(I) [30] (Credit: Gallica)
Past and Future Trajectories of Human Excreta Management Systems: Paris. . .
127