Table 2
Concentration of heavy metal(loid)s (ng/m
3
) associated with particulate matter of different fractions (PM
10 , PM
7.5 , PM
2.5 , PM
1 )
Country
PM
Heavy metals
References
As
Cd
Pb
Cr
Hg Ni
Cu
Mn
Zn
Fe
Spain
a
PM
10
3.4
–
14
–
0.07 2.9
–
–
–
–
(Alvarez et al.
2004)
Greece
a
PM
7.5
–
0.4–2.9
30–135
–
–
1.4–21
26–420
3–89
4–432
–
(Voutsa and
Samara 2002)
Greece
b
PM
7.5
–
0.6–0.7
10–111
–
–
2.7–45
22–222
11–395
340–1,200
–
(Voutsa and
Samara 2002)
China
b
PM
10
–
–
–
0.6
Æ 0.02
–
–
1.8
Æ 0.13 0.8
Æ 0.03
7
Æ 0.2
–
(Wang et al.
2007)
China
b
PM
2.5
–
–
–
0.8
Æ 0.02
–
–
2.2
Æ 0.13 1.2
Æ 0.1
10
Æ 0.1
–
(Wang et al.
2007)
Kolkata,
India
b
PM
10
–
5.2
Æ 3.8
118
Æ 94
6.3
Æ 4.2
–
8.3
Æ 4.2
–
2.1
Æ 1.5
534
Æ 302
123
Æ 90
(Gupta et al.
2007)
Jharkhand,
India
c
PM
10
–
0.00004–
0.00007
0.00004–
0.0003
0.0002–
0.0004
–
0.00001–
0.0002
0.00006–
0.006
0.00008–
0.000178
0.0002–
0.0002
0.001–0.003 (Dubey et al.
2012)
Northeastern
China
b
–
0.06
Æ 0.0039 0.009
Æ 0.001 0.58
Æ 0.007 0.206
Æ 0.05
–
0.069
Æ 0.013
–
0.462
Æ 0.05
–
–
(Piao et al.
2008)
Ispra, Italy
b
–
0.9
Æ 0.4
0.5
Æ 0.2
98
Æ 40
6.5
Æ 3.5
–
12.2
Æ 3.8
10.5
Æ 3.7 14
Æ 5
119
Æ 33
511
Æ 201
(Rizzio et al.
2001)
Saclay Paris,
France
a
–
0.7
Æ 0.5
0.39
Æ 0.2
15.4
Æ 6.5
4.1
Æ 1.9
–
2.1
Æ 0.6
18.4
Æ 6.7 6.9
Æ 2.4
45.8
Æ 24
483
Æ 221
(Ayrault et al.
2010)
Rio de
Janeiro
b
–
–
0.9
101
421
–
0.5
335
1,216
2,120
38,903
(Quiterio et al.
2004)
Frankfurt,
Germany
d
–
1
0.3
32.6
16.3
–
7.3
101.5
35.3
105.6
–
(Zereini et al.
2005)
Dhaka,
Bangladesh
e
–
–
–
121
Æ 137
5.01
Æ 3.7
–
–
9.20
Æ 7.7 19.7
Æ 27
827
Æ 1,071 338
Æ 304
(Begum et al.
2013)
Islamabad,
Pakistan
a
–
–
3.4
Æ 2.7
63
Æ 56
7.2
Æ 5.2
–
–
38
Æ 15
38.8
Æ 14
3,325
Æ 2001 1,343
Æ 554 (Shah et al.
2012)
Jeddah,
Saudi
Arabia
b
PM
10
2.4
49.8
8.0
4.4
–
5.6
8.4
55.4
20.7
2,040
(Alghamdi
2016)
Lahore,
Pakistan
a
PM
10
22
77
4,400
30
–
18
73
300
11,000
8,200
(von
Schneidemesser
et al. 2010)
(continued)
Ecotoxicology of Heavy Metal(loid)-Enriched Particulate Matter: Foliar. . .
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