Table 1
(continued)
Influencing factors
Testing organism
Variables
Exposure
media
Zeta potential
in media (mV)
Exposure
length
Measured
endpoints
Toxicity effects
with various
concentrations
Potential
mechanism
Ref.
%Ce
3+
: 26
P. subcapitata
Polydispersity index: 0.503
Sphere
Size: 50 nm
OECD
medium
À24.4 Æ 1.03
72 h
Growth
inhibition
50 mg/L induced
no inhibition
effects
%Ce
3+
: 44
Human dermal
fibroblasts cell lines
Size: 3.8 nm
Coating: oleic acid
DMEM
medium
(Lonza)
N.a.
24 h
Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS)
generation
50 mg/L CNPs
resulted in 75%
decrease in ROS
generation
CNPs with smaller
size containing
more Ce
3+
were
more reactive
toward H2O2
Lee et al.
(2013)
%Ce
3+
: 30
Human dermal
fibroblasts cell lines
Size: 8.2 nm
Coating: oleic acid
DMEM
medium
(Lonza)
N.a.
24 h
Intracellular reactive oxygen species generation
50 mg/L CNPs
resulted in 30%
decrease in ROS
generation
To understand the toxicity effects of CNPs, the physicochemical properties, exposure environment, and tested organisms require to be taken into consideration. N.a means not available
168
G. You et al.