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© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to
Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
Inamuddin et al. (eds.), Green Adsorbents to Remove Metals, Dyes and Boron
from Polluted Water, Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World 49,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47400-3_2
Chapter 2
Polymer Absorbents for Heavy Metal
Removal
Aneela Sabir, Rida Batool, Faizah Altaf, Muhammad Shafiq,
Rafi Ullah Khan, and Karl I. Jacob
Contents
2.1 Introduction
34
2.2 Water Quality Degradation by Rapid Industrialization
35
2.3 Environmental Degradation by Heavy Metal Accumulation
35
2.4 Heavy Metal Remediation: Conventional Approaches
36
2.5 Adsorption as Most Viable and Economically Feasible Remedy for Heavy Metals
36
2.6 Choice of Adsorbent
37
2.6.1 Conventional Sorbents
37
2.7 Polymers as Adsorbent for Heavy Metals
38
2.7.1 Natural Polymers as Heavy Metal Adsorbent
39
2.7.2 Biopolymers from Agricultural Recycling
41
2.8 Chemo-Substituted Agronomic By-Products as Adsorbent
42
2.9 Hydrogels as Heavy Metal Adsorbent
44
2.9.1 Starch-Based Hydrogel as Adsorbent
45
2.9.2 Biopolymer Composite for Heavy Metal Removal
47
2.10 Polymer Nanocomposites as Adsorbent for Heavy Metals
49
2.11 Inorganic Organic Hybrid Materials as Heavy Metal Adsorbent
49
2.12 Polymer/Clay Nanocomposite as Heavy Metal Adsorbent
50
2.12.1 Amine Grafted Polymer Sorbents
51
2.12.2 Humic Acid and Bentonite Composite
51
2.13 Conclusion
52
References
52
A. Sabir (*) · M. Shafiq · R. U. Khan
Department of Polymer Engineering and Technology, University of the Punjab,
Lahore, Pakistan
e-mail: aneela.pet.ceet@pu.edu.pk
R. Batool · F. Altaf
Department of Environmental Sciences (Chemistry), Fatima Jinnah Women University,
Rawalpindi, Pakistan
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology,
Atlanta, GA, USA
K. I. Jacob
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology,
Atlanta, GA, USA