31
Tongpoothorn W, Sriuttha M, Homchan P, Chanthai S, Ruangviriyachai C (2011) Preparation of
activated carbon derived from Jatropha curcas fruit shell by simple thermo-chemical activation
and characterization of their physico-chemical properties. Chem Eng Res Des 89(3):335–340.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2010.06.012
Torab-Mostaedi M, Asadollahzadeh M, Hemmati A, Khosravi A (2013) Equilibrium, kinetic, and
thermodynamic studies for biosorption of cadmium and nickel on grapefruit peel. J Taiwan Inst
Chem Eng 44(2):295–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2012.11.001
Toth J (1971) State equation of the solid-gas interface layers. Model Chem 69:311–328
Tsyntsarski B, Stoycheva I, Tsoncheva T, Genova I, Dimitrov M, Petrova B, Paneva D, CherkezovaZheleva Z, Budinova T, Kolev H (2015) Activated carbons from waste biomass and low rank
coals as catalyst supports for hydrogen production by methanol decomposition. Fuel Process
Technol 137:139–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.04.016
Veglio F, Beolchini F (1997) Removal of metals by biosorption: a review. Hydrometallurgy
44(3):301–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-386X(96)00059-X
Wepasnick KA, Smith BA, Schrote KE, Wilson HK, Diegelmann SR, Fairbrother DH (2011)
Surface and structural characterization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes following different
oxidative treatments. Carbon 49(1):24–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2010.08.034
Wigmans T (1989) Industrial aspects of production and use of activated carbons. Carbon
27(1):13–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(89)90152-8
Xue Y, Gao B, Yao Y, Inyang M, Zhang M, Zimmerman AR, Ro KS (2012) Hydrogen peroxide modification enhances the ability of biochar (hydrochar) produced from hydrothermal
carbonization of peanut hull to remove aqueous heavy metals: batch and column tests. Chem
Eng J 200:673–680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.06.116
Yahaya N, Latiff M, Abustan I, Ahmad M (2010) Effect of preparation conditions of activated carbon prepared from rice husk by ZnCl2 activation for removal of Cu (II) from aqueous solution.
Int J Eng Technol 10(6):27–31
Yahya MA, Al-Qodah Z, Ngah CWZ (2015) Agricultural bio-waste materials as potential sustainable precursors used for activated carbon production: a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev
46:218–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.02.051
Yakout S, El-Deen GS (2016) Characterization of activated carbon prepared by phosphoric
acid activation of olive stones. Arab J Chem 9:S1155–S1162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
arabjc.2011.12.002
Yang X, Wan Y, Zheng Y, He F, Yu Z, Huang J, Wang H, Ok YS, Jiang Y, Gao B (2019) Surface
functional groups of carbon-based adsorbents and their roles in the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions: a critical review. Chem Eng J 366:608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
cej.2019.02.119
Youssef A, Radwan N, Abdel-Gawad I, Singer G (2005) Textural properties of activated carbons
from apricot stones. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 252(2–3):143–151. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2004.09.008
Zanzi R, Bai X, Capdevila P, Bjornbom E (2001) Pyrolysis of biomass in presence of steam for
preparation of activated carbon, liquid and gaseous products. In: Proceedings of 6th World
Congress of Chemical Engineering Melbourne, Australia, pp 23–27
Zhang K, Cheung W, Valix M (2005) Roles of physical and chemical properties of activated carbon in the adsorption of lead ions. Chemosphere 60(8):1129–1140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
chemosphere.2004.12.059
Zhao G, Wu X, Tan X, Wang X (2010) Sorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions: a
review. Open Coll Sci J 4(1):19. https://doi.org/10.2174/1876530001104010019
Zheng L, Dang Z, Yi X, Zhang H (2010) Equilibrium and kinetic studies of adsorption of Cd (II)
from aqueous solution using modified corn stalk. J Hazard Mater 176(1–3):650–656. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.11.081
Zhou L, Li M, Sun Y, Zhou Y (2001) Effect of moisture in microporous activated carbon on the adsorption of methane. Carbon 5(39):773–776. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(01)00025-2
1 Synthesis of Activated Carbons for Heavy Metals Removal
Tongpoothorn W, Sriuttha M, Homchan P, Chanthai S, Ruangviriyachai C (2011) Preparation of
activated carbon derived from Jatropha curcas fruit shell by simple thermo-chemical activation
and characterization of their physico-chemical properties. Chem Eng Res Des 89(3):335–340.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2010.06.012
Torab-Mostaedi M, Asadollahzadeh M, Hemmati A, Khosravi A (2013) Equilibrium, kinetic, and
thermodynamic studies for biosorption of cadmium and nickel on grapefruit peel. J Taiwan Inst
Chem Eng 44(2):295–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2012.11.001
Toth J (1971) State equation of the solid-gas interface layers. Model Chem 69:311–328
Tsyntsarski B, Stoycheva I, Tsoncheva T, Genova I, Dimitrov M, Petrova B, Paneva D, CherkezovaZheleva Z, Budinova T, Kolev H (2015) Activated carbons from waste biomass and low rank
coals as catalyst supports for hydrogen production by methanol decomposition. Fuel Process
Technol 137:139–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.04.016
Veglio F, Beolchini F (1997) Removal of metals by biosorption: a review. Hydrometallurgy
44(3):301–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-386X(96)00059-X
Wepasnick KA, Smith BA, Schrote KE, Wilson HK, Diegelmann SR, Fairbrother DH (2011)
Surface and structural characterization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes following different
oxidative treatments. Carbon 49(1):24–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2010.08.034
Wigmans T (1989) Industrial aspects of production and use of activated carbons. Carbon
27(1):13–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(89)90152-8
Xue Y, Gao B, Yao Y, Inyang M, Zhang M, Zimmerman AR, Ro KS (2012) Hydrogen peroxide modification enhances the ability of biochar (hydrochar) produced from hydrothermal
carbonization of peanut hull to remove aqueous heavy metals: batch and column tests. Chem
Eng J 200:673–680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.06.116
Yahaya N, Latiff M, Abustan I, Ahmad M (2010) Effect of preparation conditions of activated carbon prepared from rice husk by ZnCl2 activation for removal of Cu (II) from aqueous solution.
Int J Eng Technol 10(6):27–31
Yahya MA, Al-Qodah Z, Ngah CWZ (2015) Agricultural bio-waste materials as potential sustainable precursors used for activated carbon production: a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev
46:218–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.02.051
Yakout S, El-Deen GS (2016) Characterization of activated carbon prepared by phosphoric
acid activation of olive stones. Arab J Chem 9:S1155–S1162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
arabjc.2011.12.002
Yang X, Wan Y, Zheng Y, He F, Yu Z, Huang J, Wang H, Ok YS, Jiang Y, Gao B (2019) Surface
functional groups of carbon-based adsorbents and their roles in the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions: a critical review. Chem Eng J 366:608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
cej.2019.02.119
Youssef A, Radwan N, Abdel-Gawad I, Singer G (2005) Textural properties of activated carbons
from apricot stones. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 252(2–3):143–151. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2004.09.008
Zanzi R, Bai X, Capdevila P, Bjornbom E (2001) Pyrolysis of biomass in presence of steam for
preparation of activated carbon, liquid and gaseous products. In: Proceedings of 6th World
Congress of Chemical Engineering Melbourne, Australia, pp 23–27
Zhang K, Cheung W, Valix M (2005) Roles of physical and chemical properties of activated carbon in the adsorption of lead ions. Chemosphere 60(8):1129–1140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
chemosphere.2004.12.059
Zhao G, Wu X, Tan X, Wang X (2010) Sorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions: a
review. Open Coll Sci J 4(1):19. https://doi.org/10.2174/1876530001104010019
Zheng L, Dang Z, Yi X, Zhang H (2010) Equilibrium and kinetic studies of adsorption of Cd (II)
from aqueous solution using modified corn stalk. J Hazard Mater 176(1–3):650–656. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.11.081
Zhou L, Li M, Sun Y, Zhou Y (2001) Effect of moisture in microporous activated carbon on the adsorption of methane. Carbon 5(39):773–776. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(01)00025-2
1 Synthesis of Activated Carbons for Heavy Metals Removal