405
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to
Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
Inamuddin et al. (eds.), Green Adsorbents to Remove Metals, Dyes and Boron
from Polluted Water, Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World 49,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47400-3_16
Chapter 16
Hybrid Adsorbents for Dye Removal
from Wastewater
Rozita M. Moattari and Toraj Mohammadi
Contents
16.1 Introduction
406
16.2 Dyes
407
16.2.1 Definition
407
16.2.2 Types of Dyes
407
16.3 Sources of Dyes
413
16.4 Environmental and Health Effect
415
16.5 Dye Removal Methods
418
16.6 Adsorption
419
16.7 Hybrid Adsorbents
422
16.7.1 Concept
422
16.7.2 Synthesis
423
16.7.3 Application in Dye Removal
428
16.8 Conclusions
439
References
439
Abstract The presence of dyes in effluents and wastewaters due to industrial activities has caused serious and critical problems for the public health and the environment. Various technologies have been introduced to remove dyes from wastewater.
Among these technologies, the adsorption processes as a promising solution for the
removal of dye from wastewater has attracted the attention of researchers and the
industrial community. The performance of the adsorption process largely depends
on the properties of the adsorbent used. Therefore, the development of novel adsorbents that can exhibit high adsorption capacity of the dye is an urgent need. In the
R. M. Moattari · T. Mohammadi (*)
Center of Excellence for Membrane Science and Technology, Department of Chemical,
Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST),
Tehran, Iran
Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering School, Iran University of Science
and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran
e-mail: torajmohammadi@iust.ac.ir
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to
Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
Inamuddin et al. (eds.), Green Adsorbents to Remove Metals, Dyes and Boron
from Polluted Water, Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World 49,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47400-3_16
Chapter 16
Hybrid Adsorbents for Dye Removal
from Wastewater
Rozita M. Moattari and Toraj Mohammadi
Contents
16.1 Introduction
406
16.2 Dyes
407
16.2.1 Definition
407
16.2.2 Types of Dyes
407
16.3 Sources of Dyes
413
16.4 Environmental and Health Effect
415
16.5 Dye Removal Methods
418
16.6 Adsorption
419
16.7 Hybrid Adsorbents
422
16.7.1 Concept
422
16.7.2 Synthesis
423
16.7.3 Application in Dye Removal
428
16.8 Conclusions
439
References
439
Abstract The presence of dyes in effluents and wastewaters due to industrial activities has caused serious and critical problems for the public health and the environment. Various technologies have been introduced to remove dyes from wastewater.
Among these technologies, the adsorption processes as a promising solution for the
removal of dye from wastewater has attracted the attention of researchers and the
industrial community. The performance of the adsorption process largely depends
on the properties of the adsorbent used. Therefore, the development of novel adsorbents that can exhibit high adsorption capacity of the dye is an urgent need. In the
R. M. Moattari · T. Mohammadi (*)
Center of Excellence for Membrane Science and Technology, Department of Chemical,
Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST),
Tehran, Iran
Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering School, Iran University of Science
and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran
e-mail: torajmohammadi@iust.ac.ir