361
capacity. Other species of the bacteria such as Pseudomonas putida, Thiobacillus,
Pseudomonas, and Aeromonas caviae were also tested by other researchers. In case of
low metal ion concentration, the bacterial biomasses show the higher efficiency.
14.4.4 Fungal Biomass Biosorption
Biosorption by using fungal biomass is a noble and economical process for the
treatment of metal-contaminated water source. Various studies were reported in literature as summarized in Table 14.9 where fungal biomass shows the higher metal
Table 14.9 Removal of metal ions by fungal biomass
Fungal biomass
Metal
ions
Adsorption
capacity (mg/g) References
Penicillium chrysogenum
Cd
11
Niu et al. (1993)
Penicillium chrysogenum
Cd
56
Holan and Volesky (1995)
Penicillium chrysogenum
Cr(VI)
–
Park et al. (2005)
Penicillium chrysogenum (modified) Cd
210.2
Deng and Ting (2005)
Penicillium chrysogenum
Cd
39
Fourest et al. (1994)
Penicillium canescens
Pb
213.2
Say et al. (2003)
Penicillium chrysogenum
Pb
116
Kapoor and Viraraghavan
(1995)
Penicillium purpurogenum
Cd
110.4
Say et al. (2003)
Penicillium digitatum
Cd
3.5
Veglio and Beolchini (1997)
Penicillium chrysogenum
Pb
96
Skowronski et al. (2001)
Penicillium notatum
Cd
5.0
Kapoor and Viraraghavan
(1995)
Aspergillus niger (live)
Pb
2.25
Kapoor et al. (1999)
Penicillium chrysogenum
Pb
116
Niu et al. (1993)
Penicillium chrysogenum (raw)
Cr(III)
18.6
Tan and Cheng (2003)
Aspergillus flavus
U, Th
Hafez et al. (1997)
Aspergillus niger (growing)
Cu
15.6
Dursun et al. (2003)
Aspergillus carbonarius
Cu, Cr
Alasheh and Duvnjak
(1995)
Aspergillus oryzae
Cu, Cd,
Zn
Vianna et al. (2000)
Aspergillus awamori
Cu
Tsekova et al. (2000)
Aspergillus niger
Cu(II)
9.53
Dursun et al. (2003)
Aspergillus fumigatus
Au, Ag,
Cu
Gomes and Linardi (1996)
Aspergillus terreus (immobilized in
polyurethane foam)
Fe
164.5
Dias et al. (2002)
Aspergillus terreus
Cu
224
Gulati et al. (2002)
Aspergillus niger
Ag
–
Akthar et al. (1995)
14 Biomass-Based Absorbents for Heavy Metal Removal