169
Pendergast MM, Hoek EM (2011) A review of water treatment membrane nanotechnologies
energy environ. Sci 4:1946–1971. https://doi.org/10.1039/C0EE00541J
Pradeep T, Anshup (2009) Noble metal nanoparticles for water purification: a critical review. Thin
Solid Films 517:6441–6478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2009.03.195
Qdais HA, Moussa H (2004) Removal of heavy metals from wastewater by membrane
processes: a comparative study. Desalination 164:105–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/
S0011-9164(04)00169-9
Qiu S, Wu L, Pan X, Zhang L, Chen H, Gao C (2009) Preparation and properties of functionalized
carbon nanotube/PSF blend ultrafiltration membranes. J Membr Sci 342:165–172. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.memsci.2009.06.041
Rahimpour A, Jahanshahi M, Khalili S, Mollahosseini A, Zirepour A, Rajaeian B (2012) Novel
functionalized carbon nanotubes for improving the surface properties and performance of
polyethersulfone (PES) membrane. Desalination 286:99–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
desal.2011.10.039
Saljoughi E, Mousavi SM (2012) Preparation and characterization of novel polysulfone nanofiltration membranes for removal of cadmium from contaminated water. Sep Purif Technol
90:22–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2012.02.008
Sangil K, Jinschek JR, Chen H, Sholl DS, Marand E (2007) Scalable fabrication of carbon nanotube/polymer nanocomposite membranes for high flux gas transport. Nano Lett 7:2806–2811.
https://doi.org/10.1021/nl071414u
Sawada I, Fachrul R, Ito T, Ohmukai Y, Maruyama T, Matsuyama H (2012) Development of
a hydrophilic polymer membrane containing silver nanoparticles with both organic antifouling and antibacterial properties. J Membr Sci 387–388:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
memsci.2011.06.020
Singh R, Gautam N, Mishra A, Gupta R (2011) Heavy metals and living systems: an overview.
Indian J Pharmacol 43:246–253. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7613.81505
Strathmann H, Kock K, Amar P, Baker RW (1975) Formation mechanism of asymmetric membranes. Desalination 16:179–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0011-9164(00)82092-5
Sui Y, Gao X, Wang Z, Gao C (2012) Antifouling and antibacterial improvement of surfacefunctionalized poly(vinylidene fluoride) membrane prepared via dihydroxyphenylalanineinitiated atom transfer radical graft polymerizations. J Membr Sci 394-395:107–119. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2011.12.038
Tabatabaei SH, Carreau PJ, Ajji A (2009) Microporous membranes obtained from PP/HDPE
multilayer films by stretching. J Membr Sci 345:148–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
memsci.2009.08.038
Tchounwou PB, Yedjou GC, Patlolla AK, Sutton DJ (2012) Heavy metal toxicity and the environment. EXS 101:133–164. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8340-4_6
Teo W-E, Ramakrishna S (2009) Electrospun nanofibers as a platform for multifunctional hierarchically organized nanocomposite. Compos Sci Technol 69:1804–1817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
compscitech.2009.04.015
Vanbenschoten JE, Reed BE, Matsumoto MR, McGarvey PJ (1994) Metal removal by soil washing
for an iron-oxide coated sandy soil. Water Environ Res 66:168–174. https://doi.org/10.2175/
WER.66.2.11
Vatanpour V, Madaeni SS, Khataee AR, Salehi E, Zinadini S, Monfared HA (2012) TiO 2 embedded mixed matrix PES nanocomposite membranes: influence of different sizes and types
of nanoparticles on antifouling and performance. Desalination 292:19–29. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.desal.2012.02.006
WHO (2014) Progress on drinking water and sanitation. 2014 Update. Available from: http://apps.
who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/112727/1/9789241507240_eng.pdf
Xu Z, Liao J, Tang H, Li N (2018) Antifouling polysulfone ultrafiltration membranes with pendent
sulfonamide groups. J Membr Sci 548:481–489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2017.11.064
6 Recovery of Heavy Metals by Membrane Adsorbers
Pendergast MM, Hoek EM (2011) A review of water treatment membrane nanotechnologies
energy environ. Sci 4:1946–1971. https://doi.org/10.1039/C0EE00541J
Pradeep T, Anshup (2009) Noble metal nanoparticles for water purification: a critical review. Thin
Solid Films 517:6441–6478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2009.03.195
Qdais HA, Moussa H (2004) Removal of heavy metals from wastewater by membrane
processes: a comparative study. Desalination 164:105–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/
S0011-9164(04)00169-9
Qiu S, Wu L, Pan X, Zhang L, Chen H, Gao C (2009) Preparation and properties of functionalized
carbon nanotube/PSF blend ultrafiltration membranes. J Membr Sci 342:165–172. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.memsci.2009.06.041
Rahimpour A, Jahanshahi M, Khalili S, Mollahosseini A, Zirepour A, Rajaeian B (2012) Novel
functionalized carbon nanotubes for improving the surface properties and performance of
polyethersulfone (PES) membrane. Desalination 286:99–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
desal.2011.10.039
Saljoughi E, Mousavi SM (2012) Preparation and characterization of novel polysulfone nanofiltration membranes for removal of cadmium from contaminated water. Sep Purif Technol
90:22–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2012.02.008
Sangil K, Jinschek JR, Chen H, Sholl DS, Marand E (2007) Scalable fabrication of carbon nanotube/polymer nanocomposite membranes for high flux gas transport. Nano Lett 7:2806–2811.
https://doi.org/10.1021/nl071414u
Sawada I, Fachrul R, Ito T, Ohmukai Y, Maruyama T, Matsuyama H (2012) Development of
a hydrophilic polymer membrane containing silver nanoparticles with both organic antifouling and antibacterial properties. J Membr Sci 387–388:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
memsci.2011.06.020
Singh R, Gautam N, Mishra A, Gupta R (2011) Heavy metals and living systems: an overview.
Indian J Pharmacol 43:246–253. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7613.81505
Strathmann H, Kock K, Amar P, Baker RW (1975) Formation mechanism of asymmetric membranes. Desalination 16:179–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0011-9164(00)82092-5
Sui Y, Gao X, Wang Z, Gao C (2012) Antifouling and antibacterial improvement of surfacefunctionalized poly(vinylidene fluoride) membrane prepared via dihydroxyphenylalanineinitiated atom transfer radical graft polymerizations. J Membr Sci 394-395:107–119. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2011.12.038
Tabatabaei SH, Carreau PJ, Ajji A (2009) Microporous membranes obtained from PP/HDPE
multilayer films by stretching. J Membr Sci 345:148–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
memsci.2009.08.038
Tchounwou PB, Yedjou GC, Patlolla AK, Sutton DJ (2012) Heavy metal toxicity and the environment. EXS 101:133–164. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8340-4_6
Teo W-E, Ramakrishna S (2009) Electrospun nanofibers as a platform for multifunctional hierarchically organized nanocomposite. Compos Sci Technol 69:1804–1817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
compscitech.2009.04.015
Vanbenschoten JE, Reed BE, Matsumoto MR, McGarvey PJ (1994) Metal removal by soil washing
for an iron-oxide coated sandy soil. Water Environ Res 66:168–174. https://doi.org/10.2175/
WER.66.2.11
Vatanpour V, Madaeni SS, Khataee AR, Salehi E, Zinadini S, Monfared HA (2012) TiO 2 embedded mixed matrix PES nanocomposite membranes: influence of different sizes and types
of nanoparticles on antifouling and performance. Desalination 292:19–29. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.desal.2012.02.006
WHO (2014) Progress on drinking water and sanitation. 2014 Update. Available from: http://apps.
who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/112727/1/9789241507240_eng.pdf
Xu Z, Liao J, Tang H, Li N (2018) Antifouling polysulfone ultrafiltration membranes with pendent
sulfonamide groups. J Membr Sci 548:481–489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2017.11.064
6 Recovery of Heavy Metals by Membrane Adsorbers