122
Sugarcane bagasse in its original and immobilized form was tried by researchers
(Ullah et al. 2013) for remediation of tannery wastewater contaminated with Cr(III)
and Cr(VI). Pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir model represented the
adsorption process. Immobilized sugarcane removed 80.6% Cr(VI) and 41.5%
Cr(III). Sugarcane bagasse treated with NaOH and HCl was used by others
(Khoramzadeh et al. 2013) for biosorption of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions.
97.58% mercury was removed at pH 4 and q max value was 35.71 mg g
−1
. Both
Langmuir and Freundlich equilibrium models were found applicable. Adsorption
capacities of pure and modified sugarcane bagasse are presented in Table 5.3.
5.5.2 Wood Sawdust
Wood sawdust is an abundant waste of wood industry and contains nearly 45–50%
cellulose and polyphenolic groups which help in heavy metal adsorption (Ngah and
Hanafiah 2008). Sharma and Forster tried sawdust for Cr(VI) eradication and found
encouraging results. The adsorption capacity of sawdust was 39.7 mg g
−1
(Sharma
and Forster 1994). Researchers tried phosphate-treated sawdust for removal of
Cr(VI), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) and noted change in adsorption capacity of the raw
and treated sawdust. The process was pH-dependent and favored at pH less than 2.
Table 5.3 Adsorption capacities for different toxic heavy metals by sugarcane bagasse-based
adsorbents
Adsorbent
q max (mg g
−1 )
Sources
Cr
+6 Zn
+2
Cu
+2 Cd
+2
Hg
+2
Pb
+2
Sugarcane bagasse
13.4
Sharma and Forster
(1994)
Activated carbon from sugarcane
bagasse
31.11
38.03
Mohan and Singh
(2002)
Bagasse fly ash modified with
hydrogen peroxide
4.35
2.50 Gupta and Ali
(2004)
Modified sugarcane bagasse 2
114 196
189 Karnitz Jr. et al.
(2007)
Modified sugarcane bagasse 5
139 164
189
Modified sugarcane bagasse 6
133 313
313
EDTA-treated cellulose
49.8
Junior et al. (2009)
EDTA-treated bagasse
66.7
EDTA-treated mercerized
cellulose
66.7 112.0
232.0
EDTA-treated mercerized
bagasse
76.9
EDTA-treated twice-mercerized
bagasse
92.6 149.0
333.0
Immobilized sugarcane bagasse
35.71
Khoramzadeh et al.
(2013)
S. Nag and S. Biswas
Sugarcane bagasse in its original and immobilized form was tried by researchers
(Ullah et al. 2013) for remediation of tannery wastewater contaminated with Cr(III)
and Cr(VI). Pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir model represented the
adsorption process. Immobilized sugarcane removed 80.6% Cr(VI) and 41.5%
Cr(III). Sugarcane bagasse treated with NaOH and HCl was used by others
(Khoramzadeh et al. 2013) for biosorption of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions.
97.58% mercury was removed at pH 4 and q max value was 35.71 mg g
−1
. Both
Langmuir and Freundlich equilibrium models were found applicable. Adsorption
capacities of pure and modified sugarcane bagasse are presented in Table 5.3.
5.5.2 Wood Sawdust
Wood sawdust is an abundant waste of wood industry and contains nearly 45–50%
cellulose and polyphenolic groups which help in heavy metal adsorption (Ngah and
Hanafiah 2008). Sharma and Forster tried sawdust for Cr(VI) eradication and found
encouraging results. The adsorption capacity of sawdust was 39.7 mg g
−1
(Sharma
and Forster 1994). Researchers tried phosphate-treated sawdust for removal of
Cr(VI), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) and noted change in adsorption capacity of the raw
and treated sawdust. The process was pH-dependent and favored at pH less than 2.
Table 5.3 Adsorption capacities for different toxic heavy metals by sugarcane bagasse-based
adsorbents
Adsorbent
q max (mg g
−1 )
Sources
Cr
+6 Zn
+2
Cu
+2 Cd
+2
Hg
+2
Pb
+2
Sugarcane bagasse
13.4
Sharma and Forster
(1994)
Activated carbon from sugarcane
bagasse
31.11
38.03
Mohan and Singh
(2002)
Bagasse fly ash modified with
hydrogen peroxide
4.35
2.50 Gupta and Ali
(2004)
Modified sugarcane bagasse 2
114 196
189 Karnitz Jr. et al.
(2007)
Modified sugarcane bagasse 5
139 164
189
Modified sugarcane bagasse 6
133 313
313
EDTA-treated cellulose
49.8
Junior et al. (2009)
EDTA-treated bagasse
66.7
EDTA-treated mercerized
cellulose
66.7 112.0
232.0
EDTA-treated mercerized
bagasse
76.9
EDTA-treated twice-mercerized
bagasse
92.6 149.0
333.0
Immobilized sugarcane bagasse
35.71
Khoramzadeh et al.
(2013)
S. Nag and S. Biswas