obtain a sufficient database for the characterization of the industries and derivation of feasible
scenarios, a questionnaire survey and measurement campaign was carried out by the ISO. Prior
to this, the industries to be inspected were
selected in cooperation with the ISO. A methodology for the quantification of industrial water
use in terms of wastewater disposal and freshwater demand for different production processes
was developed as part of the investigation. After
data collection, a flux analysis of process water
was performed with STAN (subSTance flow
ANalysis), a freeware tool for Material Flow
Analysis (MFA) developed by the Technical
University of Vienna (Cencic and Rechberger
2008).
In the first step, industries in the Mourcheh
Khort Industrial Park had to be identified to
establish whose water consumption was relevant.
An overview of industries and their wastewater
discharge rates into the sewerage system was
provided by the ISO. The collected data overview includes 171 industries and represents the
respective process of effluents and sanitary
wastewater. Through this overview, the largest
industrial wastewater producers were identified.
Figure 3 gives an overview of the volumes of the
largest industrial wastewater producers, out of
which the red bars show the industries selected
for the investigation. In addition to the industries
selected for their large wastewater generation
from the survey, some other industries were
selected for two other criteria: Typical industry
for the region, e.g. the gaz production (Iranian
nougat) as well as industries which are likely to
have high water consumption but no arising
wastewater, e.g. stone processing. A total of 21
textile, metal, food, plastics, glass and stone
industries were selected for sampling and an
interview campaign.
The mixed method campaign for determining
the relevant data in terms of quantity and quality
of industrial wastewater was carried out in
cooperation with the ISO between May and
August 2016. By sampling and analysing
industrial wastewater the relevant quality
parameters where detected (Chemical Oxygen
Demand (COD), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS),
turbidity, hardness, Total Suspended Solids
(TSS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), temperature). In a flanking interview backed by a questionnaire with industry representatives, the
relevant production processes and specific water
demands/quantities have been estimated, since
there are no water meters. From the collected
data water balances and substance flow sheets for
the respective industries were prepared and validated through comparison with the information
in the Best Available Techniques (BAT) reference documents (BREFs) of the European
Commission. These have been developed by the
European Union for the implementation of the
Industrial
Emissions
Directive
(IED
2010/75/EU). However, for small and mediumsized enterprises (SMEs), there is a lack of
comprehensive data. According to the European
Commission, SMEs are enterprises that meet the
definition of a staff headcount of <50 for small
enterprises (SE) and <250 for medium-sized
enterprises (ME) and either the turnover ( €10
million SE/ €10 million ME) or balance sheet
total ( €10 million SE/ €43 million ME).
The data collected for each type of industry
have
been
synthesized
in
brief
factsheets/characteristic papers named “industrial
profile”. Next to general data on raw materials,
process steps, and products of the type of
industry, the factsheet holds data on quantity and
quality of water use and wastewater production.
The concept of factsheets for different industries
is of great interest to Iranian planners and decision makers, since industries may be benchmarked in terms of their water footprint and
water supply and disposal schemes may be more
effectively designed. In this research, the primary
goal of the factsheets was to categorize industries
according to their water quality demands and
potentials for wastewater reuse. Therefore, three
classes have been created. In the primary class,
industries with high water quality requirements
(e.g. food industry) or industries which produce
low polluted wastewater easy to reuse (e.g. certain plastic industries) are assigned. In the tertiary
class are industries with very low requirements in
water quality and little wastewater production
(e.g. stone processing) as well as industry with
Nexus-Oriented Approach for Sharing Water Resources …
211
scenarios, a questionnaire survey and measurement campaign was carried out by the ISO. Prior
to this, the industries to be inspected were
selected in cooperation with the ISO. A methodology for the quantification of industrial water
use in terms of wastewater disposal and freshwater demand for different production processes
was developed as part of the investigation. After
data collection, a flux analysis of process water
was performed with STAN (subSTance flow
ANalysis), a freeware tool for Material Flow
Analysis (MFA) developed by the Technical
University of Vienna (Cencic and Rechberger
2008).
In the first step, industries in the Mourcheh
Khort Industrial Park had to be identified to
establish whose water consumption was relevant.
An overview of industries and their wastewater
discharge rates into the sewerage system was
provided by the ISO. The collected data overview includes 171 industries and represents the
respective process of effluents and sanitary
wastewater. Through this overview, the largest
industrial wastewater producers were identified.
Figure 3 gives an overview of the volumes of the
largest industrial wastewater producers, out of
which the red bars show the industries selected
for the investigation. In addition to the industries
selected for their large wastewater generation
from the survey, some other industries were
selected for two other criteria: Typical industry
for the region, e.g. the gaz production (Iranian
nougat) as well as industries which are likely to
have high water consumption but no arising
wastewater, e.g. stone processing. A total of 21
textile, metal, food, plastics, glass and stone
industries were selected for sampling and an
interview campaign.
The mixed method campaign for determining
the relevant data in terms of quantity and quality
of industrial wastewater was carried out in
cooperation with the ISO between May and
August 2016. By sampling and analysing
industrial wastewater the relevant quality
parameters where detected (Chemical Oxygen
Demand (COD), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS),
turbidity, hardness, Total Suspended Solids
(TSS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), temperature). In a flanking interview backed by a questionnaire with industry representatives, the
relevant production processes and specific water
demands/quantities have been estimated, since
there are no water meters. From the collected
data water balances and substance flow sheets for
the respective industries were prepared and validated through comparison with the information
in the Best Available Techniques (BAT) reference documents (BREFs) of the European
Commission. These have been developed by the
European Union for the implementation of the
Industrial
Emissions
Directive
(IED
2010/75/EU). However, for small and mediumsized enterprises (SMEs), there is a lack of
comprehensive data. According to the European
Commission, SMEs are enterprises that meet the
definition of a staff headcount of <50 for small
enterprises (SE) and <250 for medium-sized
enterprises (ME) and either the turnover ( €10
million SE/ €10 million ME) or balance sheet
total ( €10 million SE/ €43 million ME).
The data collected for each type of industry
have
been
synthesized
in
brief
factsheets/characteristic papers named “industrial
profile”. Next to general data on raw materials,
process steps, and products of the type of
industry, the factsheet holds data on quantity and
quality of water use and wastewater production.
The concept of factsheets for different industries
is of great interest to Iranian planners and decision makers, since industries may be benchmarked in terms of their water footprint and
water supply and disposal schemes may be more
effectively designed. In this research, the primary
goal of the factsheets was to categorize industries
according to their water quality demands and
potentials for wastewater reuse. Therefore, three
classes have been created. In the primary class,
industries with high water quality requirements
(e.g. food industry) or industries which produce
low polluted wastewater easy to reuse (e.g. certain plastic industries) are assigned. In the tertiary
class are industries with very low requirements in
water quality and little wastewater production
(e.g. stone processing) as well as industry with
Nexus-Oriented Approach for Sharing Water Resources …
211