245
Organ-specific dose, 235
Other soft tissue (OST), 232
P
Phosphate fertilizer
agricultural fields, 165
initial U/Th ratio, 165
Phosphate fertilizers, 150
Phytoextraction process, 181
Phytoremediation process, 153, 154, 182
Plant based remediation, 152, 153
R
Radiation protection
beneficial purposes, 21
effective dose, 21
Radioactive contamination, 123
Radioactivity
adverse human health risks, 19
committed effective dose,
E(τ), 21
committed quantities, 23
deterministic effects, 21
ICRP detriment-adjusted nominal risk
coefficient, 24
internal and external exposure, 20
internal radioactive contamination, 23
miners exposure, 26, 27
nuclear technologies, 24
public exposure, 24, 26
radiation protection, 21
radon decay products, 20
stochastic biological effects, 20
total effective dose, 21
Radionuclides
natural radioactive uranium, 34
soil pore solutions, 35
Radiotoxic wastes, tailing ponds, 85
Radiotoxicity
biota, 209
humans, 203, 204
Radon
decay products, 20
gas concentration, 27
radioactive dust inhalation, 26
Rhizofiltration, 150
Risk assessment
age–dependent annual ingestion dose,
age-groups, 220, 221
chemical toxicity, 220
radiological toxicity, 219, 220
S
Schneeberg lung cancer, 8
Soil-to-crop transfer factor
acid soluble+residual fractions, 164
agricultural fields, phosphate fertilizer
application, 165
environmental transfer parameters, 164
ess U concentration, 169, 172, 173, 176
nuclear power plants, 164
phosphate fertilizers, 165
physicochemical forms, 164
radioactive waste disposal sites, 165
Th and U concentrations, 167–169, 173
Soil-to-plant transfer
carbonate ions, 142
citrate exudation, 143
freshwater plants, 140
fungal phosphatase, 143
IUR, 139
linear approximation validity, 140
NORM activities, 137
organic acid exudation by roots,
142–143
phosphate based fertilizers, 138
radionuclide concentrations, 138
soil concentration, 140
transfer factors/concentration ratios, 138
U(VI) phosphate biomineralization, 143
uranium concentration range, 137, 138
uranium speciation, 140–142
Speciation on plant uptake
UO 2 (CO 3 ) 3
4- and UO 2 PO 4
- preparation, 184
UO 2
2+ , (UO 2 ) 3 (OH) 5
+ and UO 2 (OH) 3
-
preparation, 183
Visual MINTEQ 3.1 software, 183
T
Transfer coefficients, 233
Transfer factor (TF), 104, 196, 199,
202, 211
Tropical environments
aerial radiometric surveys, 93
anthropogenic activities, 92
aquatic and terrestrial environments, 92
aquatic systems, 96, 98–101
dissolved uranium content, 94, 97
geochronological determinations, 93
insoluble compounds inhalation, 92
natural biosphere analogue, 93
natural radioelements, 92
radioactive waste repositories, 94
surface waters, 94, 98
Index
Organ-specific dose, 235
Other soft tissue (OST), 232
P
Phosphate fertilizer
agricultural fields, 165
initial U/Th ratio, 165
Phosphate fertilizers, 150
Phytoextraction process, 181
Phytoremediation process, 153, 154, 182
Plant based remediation, 152, 153
R
Radiation protection
beneficial purposes, 21
effective dose, 21
Radioactive contamination, 123
Radioactivity
adverse human health risks, 19
committed effective dose,
E(τ), 21
committed quantities, 23
deterministic effects, 21
ICRP detriment-adjusted nominal risk
coefficient, 24
internal and external exposure, 20
internal radioactive contamination, 23
miners exposure, 26, 27
nuclear technologies, 24
public exposure, 24, 26
radiation protection, 21
radon decay products, 20
stochastic biological effects, 20
total effective dose, 21
Radionuclides
natural radioactive uranium, 34
soil pore solutions, 35
Radiotoxic wastes, tailing ponds, 85
Radiotoxicity
biota, 209
humans, 203, 204
Radon
decay products, 20
gas concentration, 27
radioactive dust inhalation, 26
Rhizofiltration, 150
Risk assessment
age–dependent annual ingestion dose,
age-groups, 220, 221
chemical toxicity, 220
radiological toxicity, 219, 220
S
Schneeberg lung cancer, 8
Soil-to-crop transfer factor
acid soluble+residual fractions, 164
agricultural fields, phosphate fertilizer
application, 165
environmental transfer parameters, 164
ess U concentration, 169, 172, 173, 176
nuclear power plants, 164
phosphate fertilizers, 165
physicochemical forms, 164
radioactive waste disposal sites, 165
Th and U concentrations, 167–169, 173
Soil-to-plant transfer
carbonate ions, 142
citrate exudation, 143
freshwater plants, 140
fungal phosphatase, 143
IUR, 139
linear approximation validity, 140
NORM activities, 137
organic acid exudation by roots,
142–143
phosphate based fertilizers, 138
radionuclide concentrations, 138
soil concentration, 140
transfer factors/concentration ratios, 138
U(VI) phosphate biomineralization, 143
uranium concentration range, 137, 138
uranium speciation, 140–142
Speciation on plant uptake
UO 2 (CO 3 ) 3
4- and UO 2 PO 4
- preparation, 184
UO 2
2+ , (UO 2 ) 3 (OH) 5
+ and UO 2 (OH) 3
-
preparation, 183
Visual MINTEQ 3.1 software, 183
T
Transfer coefficients, 233
Transfer factor (TF), 104, 196, 199,
202, 211
Tropical environments
aerial radiometric surveys, 93
anthropogenic activities, 92
aquatic and terrestrial environments, 92
aquatic systems, 96, 98–101
dissolved uranium content, 94, 97
geochronological determinations, 93
insoluble compounds inhalation, 92
natural biosphere analogue, 93
natural radioelements, 92
radioactive waste repositories, 94
surface waters, 94, 98
Index