239
simulations. The case study of groundwater of two districts of Punjab, Mansa and
Muktsar, raises concerns over elevated uranium contents of, and resulting deleterious biological consequences to, members of public. On the basis of hair compartment model, we can conclude that:
(a) Cortical bone volume and soft tissue form the stable uranium repository in the
human body.
(b) Bone surfaces and kidneys are the major recipients of dose due to uranium
ingestion.
(c) Excretion rates remain fairly constant over the years via faeces, urine and hair.
References
AERB (2004) Drinking water specifications in India. Department of Atomic Energy, Government
of India
Aschner M, Jiang GC (2009) Toxicity studies on depleted uranium in primary rat cortical neurons
and in Caenorhabditis elegans: what have we learned? J Toxicol and Environ Health Part B
Crit Rev 12:525–539
ATSDR (1999) Toxicological profile for uranium. US Department of Health and Human Services,
Public Health Service
Bangotra P (2017) Estimation of naturally decaying nuclides in the environs of Mansa and
Muktsar districts of Punjab. Ph.D Thesis, Dr. B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology,
Jalandhar, India
Bernard SR, Struxness EG (1957) A study of the distribution and excretion of uranium in man.
ORNL-2304. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN
Chabaux F, Riotte J, Dequincey O (2003) U–Th–Ra fractionation during weathering and river
transport. Rev Miner Geochem 52:533–576
Chevari S, Likhner D (1968) Complex formation of natural uranium in blood. Meditsins Radiolog
13:53–57
Choppin G, Liljenzin JO, Rydberg J (2002) Behavior of radionuclides in the environment,
Radiochem Nucl Chem, 3rd edn. Butterworth-Heinemann, London, pp 653–685
Cooper JR, Stradling GN, Smith H, Ham SE (1982) The behaviour of uranium-233 oxide and
uranyl-233 nitrate in rats. Int J Radiat Biol Relat Studs Phys Chem Med 41:421–433
Davidson MR, Dickson BL (1986) A porous flow model for steady state transport of radium in
groundwater. Water Res Res 22:34–44
Guseva Canu I, Jacob S, Cardis E, Wild P, Caer S, Auriol B, Garsi JP, Timarche M, Laurier D
(2011) Uranium carcinogenicity in humans might depend on the physical and chemical nature
of uranium and its isotopic composition: results from pilot epidemiological study of French
nuclear workers. Cancer Causes Control 22:1563. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-011-9833-5
Herring JS (2013) Uranium and thorium resources. In: Tsoulfanidis N (ed) Nuclear energy.
Springer, New York, pp 463–490
Hu Z, Gao S (2008) Upper crustal abundances of trace elements: a revision and update. Cheml
Geol 253:205–221
ICRP (1959) Report of committee II on permissible dose for internal radiation, ICRP Publication
2, Pergamon Press.
ICRP (1979) Limits for intakes of radionuclides by workers, ICRP Publication 30, Part 1,
Pergamon Press.
ICRP (1993) Protection against Radon-222 at home and work. ICRP Publications 65, Ann. ICRP
23(2). Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp 46
Biokinetic Modelling and Risk Assessment of Uranium in Humans
simulations. The case study of groundwater of two districts of Punjab, Mansa and
Muktsar, raises concerns over elevated uranium contents of, and resulting deleterious biological consequences to, members of public. On the basis of hair compartment model, we can conclude that:
(a) Cortical bone volume and soft tissue form the stable uranium repository in the
human body.
(b) Bone surfaces and kidneys are the major recipients of dose due to uranium
ingestion.
(c) Excretion rates remain fairly constant over the years via faeces, urine and hair.
References
AERB (2004) Drinking water specifications in India. Department of Atomic Energy, Government
of India
Aschner M, Jiang GC (2009) Toxicity studies on depleted uranium in primary rat cortical neurons
and in Caenorhabditis elegans: what have we learned? J Toxicol and Environ Health Part B
Crit Rev 12:525–539
ATSDR (1999) Toxicological profile for uranium. US Department of Health and Human Services,
Public Health Service
Bangotra P (2017) Estimation of naturally decaying nuclides in the environs of Mansa and
Muktsar districts of Punjab. Ph.D Thesis, Dr. B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology,
Jalandhar, India
Bernard SR, Struxness EG (1957) A study of the distribution and excretion of uranium in man.
ORNL-2304. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN
Chabaux F, Riotte J, Dequincey O (2003) U–Th–Ra fractionation during weathering and river
transport. Rev Miner Geochem 52:533–576
Chevari S, Likhner D (1968) Complex formation of natural uranium in blood. Meditsins Radiolog
13:53–57
Choppin G, Liljenzin JO, Rydberg J (2002) Behavior of radionuclides in the environment,
Radiochem Nucl Chem, 3rd edn. Butterworth-Heinemann, London, pp 653–685
Cooper JR, Stradling GN, Smith H, Ham SE (1982) The behaviour of uranium-233 oxide and
uranyl-233 nitrate in rats. Int J Radiat Biol Relat Studs Phys Chem Med 41:421–433
Davidson MR, Dickson BL (1986) A porous flow model for steady state transport of radium in
groundwater. Water Res Res 22:34–44
Guseva Canu I, Jacob S, Cardis E, Wild P, Caer S, Auriol B, Garsi JP, Timarche M, Laurier D
(2011) Uranium carcinogenicity in humans might depend on the physical and chemical nature
of uranium and its isotopic composition: results from pilot epidemiological study of French
nuclear workers. Cancer Causes Control 22:1563. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-011-9833-5
Herring JS (2013) Uranium and thorium resources. In: Tsoulfanidis N (ed) Nuclear energy.
Springer, New York, pp 463–490
Hu Z, Gao S (2008) Upper crustal abundances of trace elements: a revision and update. Cheml
Geol 253:205–221
ICRP (1959) Report of committee II on permissible dose for internal radiation, ICRP Publication
2, Pergamon Press.
ICRP (1979) Limits for intakes of radionuclides by workers, ICRP Publication 30, Part 1,
Pergamon Press.
ICRP (1993) Protection against Radon-222 at home and work. ICRP Publications 65, Ann. ICRP
23(2). Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp 46
Biokinetic Modelling and Risk Assessment of Uranium in Humans