178
Although redox conditions in paddy fields and upland field should be different and
that might affect U physicochemical forms in soil, it was implied that there was no
TF difference between initially existing U in soil and added U ( ess U) in soil-to-rice
and soil-to-potato systems. Thus, we concluded that TF values of U obtained from
field studies are applicable for long-term radiation dose assessment.
Acknowledgments The authors thank Mr. H. Kikuchi and Mr. N. Kogure (Tokyo Nuclear Service
Co.) for their technical support. This work was partially supported by the Agency for Natural
Resources and Energy, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), Japan, and JSPS
KAKENHI Grant No. 18H04141.
References
Dushenkov S, Vasudev D, Kapulnik Y, Gleba D, Fleisher D, Ting KC, Ensley B (1997) Removal of
uranium from water using terrestrial plants. Environ Sci Technol 31:3468–3474
Ebihara M, Nakamura Y, Wakita H, Kurasawa H, Konda T (1984) Trace element composition of
Tertiary volcanic rocks of northeast Japan. Geochem J 18:287–295
Imai N, Terashima S, Ohta A, Mikoshiba M, Okai T, Tachibama Y, Togashi S, Matsuhisa Y, Kanai
Y, Kamioka H, Taniguchim M (2004) Geochemical map of Japan. Geochemical survey of
Japan, AIST01-G25022, AIST, Tsukuba
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) (2010) Handbook of parameter values for the prediction of radionuclide transfer in terrestrial and freshwater environments. Technical Report Series
No.472, IAEA, Vienna
Jones RL (1992) Uranium and phosphorus contents in Morrow plot soils over 82 years. Commun
Soil Sci Plant Anal 23:67–73
Kano N, Tsuchida T, Sakamoto N, Lu H, Nishimura Y, Ogura D, Imaizumi H, Gao L (2009)
Behavior and distribution of rare earth elements, thorium and uranium in soil environment.
Radioisotopes 58:727–741
Katoh K, Nishizawa O, Kuronose K, Ikeda K (1985) An experimental study on variation of radon
emanation from Westerly Granite under uniaxial compression Part 1. Jisin II 38:173–182. (In
Japanese with English abstract)
Kimura SI, Shikazono N, Nohara M (2003) Paleoceanographic environment of Japan Sea deduced
from chemical and isotopic features of Miocene-Pliocene sedimentary rocks. Jpn J Geograp
(Chigaku Zasshi) 112:586–607. (In Japanese with English abstract)
Komamura M, Tsumura A (1994) The transfer factors of long-lived radionuclides from soil to
polished rice measured by ICP-MS. Radioisotopes 43:1–8. (In Japanese with English abstract)
Komura K, Yanagisawa M, Sakurai J, Sakanoue M (1985) Uranium, thorium and potassium contents and radioactive equilibrium states of the uranium and thorium series nuclides in phosphate
rocks and phosphate fertilizers. Radioisotopes 34:529–536. (In Japanese with English abstract)
Minato S (2005) Uranium, thorium and potassium concentrations in Japanese soils. Radioisotopes
54:509–515. (In Japanese with English abstract)
Mizohata A, Matsunami T, Mamuro T (1977) Uranium analysis in natural environment. Jpn
J Health Phys 12:175–179. (In Japanese with English abstract)
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) (2018) GSJ Geochemical
reference samples database. https://gbank.gsj.jp/geostandards/welcome.html. Accessed 7
August 2018 (In Japanese)
Nuclear Regulation Authority (NRA) (2018) Environmental radiation database. http://search.kankyo-hoshano.go.jp/servlet/search.top. Accessed 6 August 2018 (In Japanese)
K. Tagami and S. Uchida
Although redox conditions in paddy fields and upland field should be different and
that might affect U physicochemical forms in soil, it was implied that there was no
TF difference between initially existing U in soil and added U ( ess U) in soil-to-rice
and soil-to-potato systems. Thus, we concluded that TF values of U obtained from
field studies are applicable for long-term radiation dose assessment.
Acknowledgments The authors thank Mr. H. Kikuchi and Mr. N. Kogure (Tokyo Nuclear Service
Co.) for their technical support. This work was partially supported by the Agency for Natural
Resources and Energy, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), Japan, and JSPS
KAKENHI Grant No. 18H04141.
References
Dushenkov S, Vasudev D, Kapulnik Y, Gleba D, Fleisher D, Ting KC, Ensley B (1997) Removal of
uranium from water using terrestrial plants. Environ Sci Technol 31:3468–3474
Ebihara M, Nakamura Y, Wakita H, Kurasawa H, Konda T (1984) Trace element composition of
Tertiary volcanic rocks of northeast Japan. Geochem J 18:287–295
Imai N, Terashima S, Ohta A, Mikoshiba M, Okai T, Tachibama Y, Togashi S, Matsuhisa Y, Kanai
Y, Kamioka H, Taniguchim M (2004) Geochemical map of Japan. Geochemical survey of
Japan, AIST01-G25022, AIST, Tsukuba
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) (2010) Handbook of parameter values for the prediction of radionuclide transfer in terrestrial and freshwater environments. Technical Report Series
No.472, IAEA, Vienna
Jones RL (1992) Uranium and phosphorus contents in Morrow plot soils over 82 years. Commun
Soil Sci Plant Anal 23:67–73
Kano N, Tsuchida T, Sakamoto N, Lu H, Nishimura Y, Ogura D, Imaizumi H, Gao L (2009)
Behavior and distribution of rare earth elements, thorium and uranium in soil environment.
Radioisotopes 58:727–741
Katoh K, Nishizawa O, Kuronose K, Ikeda K (1985) An experimental study on variation of radon
emanation from Westerly Granite under uniaxial compression Part 1. Jisin II 38:173–182. (In
Japanese with English abstract)
Kimura SI, Shikazono N, Nohara M (2003) Paleoceanographic environment of Japan Sea deduced
from chemical and isotopic features of Miocene-Pliocene sedimentary rocks. Jpn J Geograp
(Chigaku Zasshi) 112:586–607. (In Japanese with English abstract)
Komamura M, Tsumura A (1994) The transfer factors of long-lived radionuclides from soil to
polished rice measured by ICP-MS. Radioisotopes 43:1–8. (In Japanese with English abstract)
Komura K, Yanagisawa M, Sakurai J, Sakanoue M (1985) Uranium, thorium and potassium contents and radioactive equilibrium states of the uranium and thorium series nuclides in phosphate
rocks and phosphate fertilizers. Radioisotopes 34:529–536. (In Japanese with English abstract)
Minato S (2005) Uranium, thorium and potassium concentrations in Japanese soils. Radioisotopes
54:509–515. (In Japanese with English abstract)
Mizohata A, Matsunami T, Mamuro T (1977) Uranium analysis in natural environment. Jpn
J Health Phys 12:175–179. (In Japanese with English abstract)
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) (2018) GSJ Geochemical
reference samples database. https://gbank.gsj.jp/geostandards/welcome.html. Accessed 7
August 2018 (In Japanese)
Nuclear Regulation Authority (NRA) (2018) Environmental radiation database. http://search.kankyo-hoshano.go.jp/servlet/search.top. Accessed 6 August 2018 (In Japanese)
K. Tagami and S. Uchida