carbonates. The experimental and theoretical results described in this study highlighted the potential use of this
methodology as an efficient method to provide economical,
stable, safe and eco-friendly process for future industrial
application.
The future research work could be extended through
on-site recycling of the produced wastes, where there is no
need for costly transportation at sites. For example, in
cement factories, it will be of immense environmental and
economical achievement if CO 2 is directly sequestered in the
active cement kiln dust waste on-site and the large quantities
of produced carbonates can be utilized in the main cement
production line. For other production sites like in acetylene
and steel factories, different carbonated minerals can be
produced in different morphologies and particle sizes
through controlling carbonation conditions. Very fine and
pure calcium carbonate can be used as filler in plastics and
paper industry. Similarly, it can be utilized in cosmetic,
medical, paint, agricultural and in the construction
industries.
References
Benson, S. M., & Orr, F. M. (2008). Carbon dioxide capture and
storage. MRS Bulletin, 33(4), 303–305. https://doi.org/10.1557/
mrs2008.63.
Davison, J. (2007). Performance and costs of power plants with capture
and storage of CO 2 . Energy, 32(7), 1163–1176 (2007). https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.energy.2006.07.039.
El-Naas, M. H., El Gamal, M., Hameedi, S., & Mohamed, A. M. O.
(2015). CO 2 sequestration using accelerated gas-solid carbonation
of pre-treated EAF steel-making bag house dust. Journal of
Environmental Management, 156, 218–224 (2015).
El-Naas, M. H., Mohammad, A. F., Suleiman, M. I., Al Musharfy, M.,
& Al-Marzouqi, A. H. (2017). Evaluation of a novel gas-liquid
contactor/reactor system for natural gas applications. Journal of
Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 39, 133–142.
Fricker, K. J., & Park, A. H. A. (2013). Effect of H 2 O on Mg(OH) 2
carbonation pathways for combined CO 2 capture and storage.
Chemical Engineering Science, 100, 332–341.
Ganopolski, A., Winkelmann, R., & Schellnhuber, H. J. (2016). Critical
insolation CO 2 relation for diagnosing past and future glacial
inception. Nature, 200–529 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/
nature16494.
Herzog, H., & Golomb, D. (2004). Carbon capture and storage from
fossil fuel use. In C. J. Cleveland (Ed.), Encyclopedia of energy
(pp. 277–287). New York: Elsevier.
Huijgen, W. J. J., & Comans, R. N. J. (2005). Carbon dioxide
sequestration by mineral carbonation. Literature review update
2003–2004. Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands ECN.
Huijgen, W. J. J., & Comans, R. N. J. (2005). Mineral CO 2
sequestration by carbonation of industrial residues: Literature
review and selection of residue. Energy Research Centre of the
Netherlands ECN-C–05-074. Petten, The Netherlands.
Huijgen, W., Witkamp, G.-J., & Comans, R. (2005). Mineral CO 2
sequestration in alkaline solid residues. In E. S. R. W. K. F. G.
Wilson & T. M. G. Thambimuthu (Eds.), Greenhouse gas control
technologies 7 (pp. 2415–2418). Oxford: Elsevier Science Ltd.
Lackner, K. S., Wendt, C. H., Butt, D. P., Joyce, E. L., Jr., & Sharp, D.
H. (1995). Carbon dioxide disposal in carbonate minerals. Energy,
20(11),
1153–1170.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-5442(95)
00071-N.
Mohamed, A. M. O., & El Gamal, M. M. (2011). Method for treating
cement kiln dust. In Google patents.
Mohamed, A. M. O., & El Gamal, M. M. (2014). Method for treating
particulate material. In Google patents.
Olajire, A. A. (2013). A review of mineral carbonation technology in
sequestration of CO 2 . Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 109, 364–392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2013.03.013.
Steinour, H. H. (1959). Some effects of carbon dioxide on mortars and
concrete-discussion. Journal of the American Concrete Institute, 30
(2), 905–907.
Wang, X., & Maroto-Valer, M. (2011). Integration of CO 2 capture and
storage based on pH-swing mineral carbonation using recyclable
ammonium salts. Energy Procedia, 4, 4930–4936. http://dx.doi.org/
10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.462.
Treatment of Industrial Alkaline Solid Wastes …
323
methodology as an efficient method to provide economical,
stable, safe and eco-friendly process for future industrial
application.
The future research work could be extended through
on-site recycling of the produced wastes, where there is no
need for costly transportation at sites. For example, in
cement factories, it will be of immense environmental and
economical achievement if CO 2 is directly sequestered in the
active cement kiln dust waste on-site and the large quantities
of produced carbonates can be utilized in the main cement
production line. For other production sites like in acetylene
and steel factories, different carbonated minerals can be
produced in different morphologies and particle sizes
through controlling carbonation conditions. Very fine and
pure calcium carbonate can be used as filler in plastics and
paper industry. Similarly, it can be utilized in cosmetic,
medical, paint, agricultural and in the construction
industries.
References
Benson, S. M., & Orr, F. M. (2008). Carbon dioxide capture and
storage. MRS Bulletin, 33(4), 303–305. https://doi.org/10.1557/
mrs2008.63.
Davison, J. (2007). Performance and costs of power plants with capture
and storage of CO 2 . Energy, 32(7), 1163–1176 (2007). https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.energy.2006.07.039.
El-Naas, M. H., El Gamal, M., Hameedi, S., & Mohamed, A. M. O.
(2015). CO 2 sequestration using accelerated gas-solid carbonation
of pre-treated EAF steel-making bag house dust. Journal of
Environmental Management, 156, 218–224 (2015).
El-Naas, M. H., Mohammad, A. F., Suleiman, M. I., Al Musharfy, M.,
& Al-Marzouqi, A. H. (2017). Evaluation of a novel gas-liquid
contactor/reactor system for natural gas applications. Journal of
Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 39, 133–142.
Fricker, K. J., & Park, A. H. A. (2013). Effect of H 2 O on Mg(OH) 2
carbonation pathways for combined CO 2 capture and storage.
Chemical Engineering Science, 100, 332–341.
Ganopolski, A., Winkelmann, R., & Schellnhuber, H. J. (2016). Critical
insolation CO 2 relation for diagnosing past and future glacial
inception. Nature, 200–529 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/
nature16494.
Herzog, H., & Golomb, D. (2004). Carbon capture and storage from
fossil fuel use. In C. J. Cleveland (Ed.), Encyclopedia of energy
(pp. 277–287). New York: Elsevier.
Huijgen, W. J. J., & Comans, R. N. J. (2005). Carbon dioxide
sequestration by mineral carbonation. Literature review update
2003–2004. Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands ECN.
Huijgen, W. J. J., & Comans, R. N. J. (2005). Mineral CO 2
sequestration by carbonation of industrial residues: Literature
review and selection of residue. Energy Research Centre of the
Netherlands ECN-C–05-074. Petten, The Netherlands.
Huijgen, W., Witkamp, G.-J., & Comans, R. (2005). Mineral CO 2
sequestration in alkaline solid residues. In E. S. R. W. K. F. G.
Wilson & T. M. G. Thambimuthu (Eds.), Greenhouse gas control
technologies 7 (pp. 2415–2418). Oxford: Elsevier Science Ltd.
Lackner, K. S., Wendt, C. H., Butt, D. P., Joyce, E. L., Jr., & Sharp, D.
H. (1995). Carbon dioxide disposal in carbonate minerals. Energy,
20(11),
1153–1170.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-5442(95)
00071-N.
Mohamed, A. M. O., & El Gamal, M. M. (2011). Method for treating
cement kiln dust. In Google patents.
Mohamed, A. M. O., & El Gamal, M. M. (2014). Method for treating
particulate material. In Google patents.
Olajire, A. A. (2013). A review of mineral carbonation technology in
sequestration of CO 2 . Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 109, 364–392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2013.03.013.
Steinour, H. H. (1959). Some effects of carbon dioxide on mortars and
concrete-discussion. Journal of the American Concrete Institute, 30
(2), 905–907.
Wang, X., & Maroto-Valer, M. (2011). Integration of CO 2 capture and
storage based on pH-swing mineral carbonation using recyclable
ammonium salts. Energy Procedia, 4, 4930–4936. http://dx.doi.org/
10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.462.
Treatment of Industrial Alkaline Solid Wastes …
323
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