6 Limitations and Recommendations
In this study, the presented results provided a valuable
understanding of some factors that might affect the utilization of health care services in KSA. However, this paper did
not include all possible factors. Therefore, we recommend
that future studies may take into account such variables that
may signify the utilization of medical facilities.
Another deficiency that could have affected the results
presented here is that the data was collected from one city, the
capital of the KSA, Riyadh. Therefore, in the future, we recommend that when the government or any researcher conducts
this research, he or she should take into account many different
cities that represent the population of the KSA.
Finally, we recommend that future studies should collect
data from the records of the medical service providers to
make the result more accurate and to use it in planning for a
universal health care system in the KSA.
Appendix 1
Testing the adequacy of the sample size
KMO and Bartlett’s test
Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measure of
sampling adequacy
0.659
Bartlett’s test of sphericity
Approx.
Chi-Square
828.893
df
66
Sig.
0.000
Case processing summary
N
%
Cases
Valid
285 100.0
Excluded
a
0 0.0
Total
285 100.0
Reliability statistics
Cronbach’s alpha
N of items
0.666
12
a Listwise deletion based on all variables in the procedure
Appendix 2
Table 2 Significant difference in the health insurance utilization
according to the nationality (Saudi, Non-Saudi)
Mann–Whitney test
What is your nationality?
Ranks N
Mean
rank
Sum of
ranks
Do you have private health
instance?
Saudi 270 146.06
39435.00
Other
15 88.00
1320.00
Total 285
Test statistics
a
Do you have private health
insurance?
Mann–Whitney U
1200.000
Wilcoxon W
1320.000
Z
−3.113
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
0.002
a Grouping Variable: What is your nationality?
Table 3 Results of one-way analysis in the utilization of health
insurance according to the age
Kruskal–Wallis test
Ranks
What is your age category?
Age
category
N
Mean
rank
Do you have private health
insurance?
20–29
72
128.77
30–39
136
146.47
40–49
52
144.45
50–64
25
162.10
Total
285
Test statistics
a,b
Do you have private health
insurance?
Chi-square
5.146
df
3
Asymp. Sig.
0.161
a Kruskal–Wallis test
b
Grouping Variable: What is your age category?
260
M. H. Ahmed and T. Abdullah AL Amri
In this study, the presented results provided a valuable
understanding of some factors that might affect the utilization of health care services in KSA. However, this paper did
not include all possible factors. Therefore, we recommend
that future studies may take into account such variables that
may signify the utilization of medical facilities.
Another deficiency that could have affected the results
presented here is that the data was collected from one city, the
capital of the KSA, Riyadh. Therefore, in the future, we recommend that when the government or any researcher conducts
this research, he or she should take into account many different
cities that represent the population of the KSA.
Finally, we recommend that future studies should collect
data from the records of the medical service providers to
make the result more accurate and to use it in planning for a
universal health care system in the KSA.
Appendix 1
Testing the adequacy of the sample size
KMO and Bartlett’s test
Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measure of
sampling adequacy
0.659
Bartlett’s test of sphericity
Approx.
Chi-Square
828.893
df
66
Sig.
0.000
Case processing summary
N
%
Cases
Valid
285 100.0
Excluded
a
0 0.0
Total
285 100.0
Reliability statistics
Cronbach’s alpha
N of items
0.666
12
a Listwise deletion based on all variables in the procedure
Appendix 2
Table 2 Significant difference in the health insurance utilization
according to the nationality (Saudi, Non-Saudi)
Mann–Whitney test
What is your nationality?
Ranks N
Mean
rank
Sum of
ranks
Do you have private health
instance?
Saudi 270 146.06
39435.00
Other
15 88.00
1320.00
Total 285
Test statistics
a
Do you have private health
insurance?
Mann–Whitney U
1200.000
Wilcoxon W
1320.000
Z
−3.113
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
0.002
a Grouping Variable: What is your nationality?
Table 3 Results of one-way analysis in the utilization of health
insurance according to the age
Kruskal–Wallis test
Ranks
What is your age category?
Age
category
N
Mean
rank
Do you have private health
insurance?
20–29
72
128.77
30–39
136
146.47
40–49
52
144.45
50–64
25
162.10
Total
285
Test statistics
a,b
Do you have private health
insurance?
Chi-square
5.146
df
3
Asymp. Sig.
0.161
a Kruskal–Wallis test
b
Grouping Variable: What is your age category?
260
M. H. Ahmed and T. Abdullah AL Amri