variables, is found to be better in explaining more percentage
in the variability/change that happens to the dependent
variable. Then, the Model 2 is used to interpret and discuss
the inferential results for the research variables, which is
presented in Table 5.
The independent variable that is the Assurance of Report
(ASR) has a P-value of its coefficient by 0.000 that is less
than 0.01. This means that there is extremely significant
evidence, with a probability of 99%, that there is a Significant relationship between ASR and the dependent variable
of interest that is the Quality of Sustainability Reporting
(QSR). Moreover, that P-value means that, the coefficient
value of the ASR is extremely significant and can be
depended on. After fulfilling the first level of measurement
for the ASR, through verifying the existence of a significant
relationship with the QSR, the second level of measurement
is to interpret the direction and magnitude of that relationship through the Estimate and Exponential of the coefficient.
The statistical analysis resulted in an Estimate value of 2.138
and an Exponential value of 8.482456 for the ASR. Concerning the direction of the relationship, since the Estimate
value is positive, then there is a Positive relationship
between the ASR and QSR, in which as the ASR increases,
the QSR increases. Concerning the magnitude of the relationship, the Exponential value of 8.482456 means that, if
the ASR increases by one unit, it is more likely to be in a
higher level of the QSR by 8.482456 units.
Therefore, the research hypothesis is Accepted, stating:
H: That Assurance of the Sustainability Report (ASR) has
a significant impact on the Quality of the Sustainability
Reporting (QSR).
The second independent variable, which is used as a Control
variable that is the Total Assets (TOA) has a P-value of its
coefficient by 0.001 that is less than 0.01. This means that
there is extremely significant evidence, with a probability of
99%, that there is a Significant relationship between TOA
and the dependent variable of interest that is the Quality of
Sustainability Reporting (QSR). Moreover, that P-value
means that, the coefficient value of the TOA is extremely
significant and can be depended on. After fulfilling the first
level of measurement for the TOA, through verifying the
existence of a significant relationship with the QSR, the
second level of measurement is to interpret the direction and
magnitude of that relationship through the Estimate and
Exponential of the coefficient. The statistical analysis
resulted in an Estimate value of −1.224E-7 and an Exponential value of 1 for the TOA. Concerning the direction of
the relationship, since the Estimate value is negative, then
there is a Negative relationship between the TOA and QSR,
in which as TOA increases, the QSR decreases. Concerning
the magnitude of the relationship, the Exponential value of 1
means that, if the TOA increases by one unit, it is less likely
to be in a higher level of the QSR by 1 unit.
The third and last independent variable, which is used as
a Control variable that is the Return on Assets (ROA) has a
P-value of its coefficient by 0.898 that is greater than any of
the three significance levels of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1. This
means that there is Insignificant relationship between ROA
and the dependent variable of interest that is the Quality of
Sustainability Reporting (QSR). Moreover, that P-value
means that, the coefficient value of the ROA is insignificant,
and on which cannot be depended. After failing to fulfill the
first level of measurement for the ROA, through verifying
the existence of an insignificant relationship with the QSR,
there is no need for the second level of measurement in
relation to the direction and magnitude of an insignificant
relationship. Thus, interpreting the Estimate and Exponential
values of the variable are ignored.
8 Summary and Conclusions
It cannot be denied that the social injustice and the environmental damage have become two of the enormous
problems that are vastly increasing by time and threatening
our planet in recent decades. This in turn provides the reason
behind the growing awareness of the sustainability concept
worldwide, both on the organizational level and individual
level. On the organizational level specifically, integrating
and applying sustainability concepts has turned from being
an improving value-added into a requirement for the continuity of the corporate life. Of which, sustainability is considered as the corporate tool to gain and maintain social
legitimacy from the corporate stakeholders who are currently
depending on sustainability as one of the important criteria
for their decisions toward an organization. Communicating
corporate sustainability performance to the stakeholders is
achieved through Sustainability Reporting (SR). Sustainability Reporting is the objective measure for the sustainable
performance. Despite the critical importance of sustainability
reporting, there is a general consent among academics and
practitioners on the poor-quality level of sustainability
reporting. As a result, there is an agreement that sustainability reporting is unsustainable. Consequently, a considerable work has to be done to leverage this poor level of
sustainability reporting to at least a moderate level in a way
that can achieve its main aims, which are previously mentioned. Based on this fact, this research is considered as an
attempt to solve this problem and participate in leveraging
the poor-quality level of sustainability reporting through
testing the assurance of report factor for its proposed impact
on improving that quality level.
The Assurance of Sustainability Reporting …
197
in the variability/change that happens to the dependent
variable. Then, the Model 2 is used to interpret and discuss
the inferential results for the research variables, which is
presented in Table 5.
The independent variable that is the Assurance of Report
(ASR) has a P-value of its coefficient by 0.000 that is less
than 0.01. This means that there is extremely significant
evidence, with a probability of 99%, that there is a Significant relationship between ASR and the dependent variable
of interest that is the Quality of Sustainability Reporting
(QSR). Moreover, that P-value means that, the coefficient
value of the ASR is extremely significant and can be
depended on. After fulfilling the first level of measurement
for the ASR, through verifying the existence of a significant
relationship with the QSR, the second level of measurement
is to interpret the direction and magnitude of that relationship through the Estimate and Exponential of the coefficient.
The statistical analysis resulted in an Estimate value of 2.138
and an Exponential value of 8.482456 for the ASR. Concerning the direction of the relationship, since the Estimate
value is positive, then there is a Positive relationship
between the ASR and QSR, in which as the ASR increases,
the QSR increases. Concerning the magnitude of the relationship, the Exponential value of 8.482456 means that, if
the ASR increases by one unit, it is more likely to be in a
higher level of the QSR by 8.482456 units.
Therefore, the research hypothesis is Accepted, stating:
H: That Assurance of the Sustainability Report (ASR) has
a significant impact on the Quality of the Sustainability
Reporting (QSR).
The second independent variable, which is used as a Control
variable that is the Total Assets (TOA) has a P-value of its
coefficient by 0.001 that is less than 0.01. This means that
there is extremely significant evidence, with a probability of
99%, that there is a Significant relationship between TOA
and the dependent variable of interest that is the Quality of
Sustainability Reporting (QSR). Moreover, that P-value
means that, the coefficient value of the TOA is extremely
significant and can be depended on. After fulfilling the first
level of measurement for the TOA, through verifying the
existence of a significant relationship with the QSR, the
second level of measurement is to interpret the direction and
magnitude of that relationship through the Estimate and
Exponential of the coefficient. The statistical analysis
resulted in an Estimate value of −1.224E-7 and an Exponential value of 1 for the TOA. Concerning the direction of
the relationship, since the Estimate value is negative, then
there is a Negative relationship between the TOA and QSR,
in which as TOA increases, the QSR decreases. Concerning
the magnitude of the relationship, the Exponential value of 1
means that, if the TOA increases by one unit, it is less likely
to be in a higher level of the QSR by 1 unit.
The third and last independent variable, which is used as
a Control variable that is the Return on Assets (ROA) has a
P-value of its coefficient by 0.898 that is greater than any of
the three significance levels of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1. This
means that there is Insignificant relationship between ROA
and the dependent variable of interest that is the Quality of
Sustainability Reporting (QSR). Moreover, that P-value
means that, the coefficient value of the ROA is insignificant,
and on which cannot be depended. After failing to fulfill the
first level of measurement for the ROA, through verifying
the existence of an insignificant relationship with the QSR,
there is no need for the second level of measurement in
relation to the direction and magnitude of an insignificant
relationship. Thus, interpreting the Estimate and Exponential
values of the variable are ignored.
8 Summary and Conclusions
It cannot be denied that the social injustice and the environmental damage have become two of the enormous
problems that are vastly increasing by time and threatening
our planet in recent decades. This in turn provides the reason
behind the growing awareness of the sustainability concept
worldwide, both on the organizational level and individual
level. On the organizational level specifically, integrating
and applying sustainability concepts has turned from being
an improving value-added into a requirement for the continuity of the corporate life. Of which, sustainability is considered as the corporate tool to gain and maintain social
legitimacy from the corporate stakeholders who are currently
depending on sustainability as one of the important criteria
for their decisions toward an organization. Communicating
corporate sustainability performance to the stakeholders is
achieved through Sustainability Reporting (SR). Sustainability Reporting is the objective measure for the sustainable
performance. Despite the critical importance of sustainability
reporting, there is a general consent among academics and
practitioners on the poor-quality level of sustainability
reporting. As a result, there is an agreement that sustainability reporting is unsustainable. Consequently, a considerable work has to be done to leverage this poor level of
sustainability reporting to at least a moderate level in a way
that can achieve its main aims, which are previously mentioned. Based on this fact, this research is considered as an
attempt to solve this problem and participate in leveraging
the poor-quality level of sustainability reporting through
testing the assurance of report factor for its proposed impact
on improving that quality level.
The Assurance of Sustainability Reporting …
197