Sustainable Concrete Production Using
Ceramic Waste Powder (CWP)
Ali Rostami, Meirzhan Kurtayev, and Mustafa Batikha
Abstract
It is well known that concrete material in building
construction is in high demand due to its many advantages which therefore makes concrete the most essential
material in construction. However, the materials used in
the concrete mix have harmful effects on the earth. For
instance, cement industries are the primary producer of
CO 2 . Likewise, the high usage of aggregate in concrete
reduces the natural resources. Therefore, a replacement
for the concrete ingredients starts taking a place where
Ceramic Waste Powder (CWP) is one of the substitutions.
In this research, CWP was used as partial replacement of
cement and fine aggregate. Two percentages of replacement were considered in this study: 20 and 30%.
Subsequently, an experimental work has been conducted
to check the effect of this partial replacement on the
mechanical properties and the cost of the new concrete
products. At the end of this work, it can be observed that
using CWP in concrete produces a high strength concrete
with a lower cost which makes the new product green and
sustainable for the future trend of sustainable cities.
Keywords
Concretemix Á Ceramic wastepowder Á Replacement Á
Sustainability Á Mechanicalproperties Á Cost
1 Introduction
Concrete material can be considered as a construction
material most spread worldwide for many advantages that
this material has such as high durability, less maintenance
required, low-skill labor needed, and high fire resistance.
Besides these characteristics, concrete has high harmful
effects to the earth environment through its ingredients
where cement industries are the primary producer of CO 2 .
Moreover, the aggregates used in the concrete bring a much
yearly reduction of our natural resources. Therefore,
researchers have initiated in a full or partial substitution of
the concrete components with recycled materials (e.g., glass,
plastic, demolition waste) in which the aim is to produce a
green sustainable concrete and decrease the landfill areas.
Using ceramic waste has been one of the interests of
researchers where ceramic industries produce much waste
regardless of the enhancements the enterprises have been
introducing in the manufacturing process. It is recorded that
ceramic sectors generate about 15–30% of the residues
(Raval et al. 2013). It should be noted that, for example,
10,000 tons/year is an average of ceramic waste from one
company in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) (Kanaan and
EL-Dieb 2016). Many construction companies rule out the
crushed waste from ceramic industries and deem them unfit
for sale due to their mechanical and dimensional defects.
Finally, the ceramic disposals remain scattered on a large
land field causing an aesthetic ruin to the surrounding space.
Similarly, when polishing ceramic tiles, Ceramic Waste
Powder (CWP) is produced and dumped into the landfills
which can result in air, soil, and ground-water pollution
(Kanaan and EL-Dieb 2016). All these problems caused by
CWP encourage researchers to utilize it into concrete. As an
example, Kannan et al. (2017) explored the partial replacement up to 40% of cement by CWP in producing high
performance concrete. Although the reduction in compressive strength was about 15% by 40% cement substitution,
superior durability has been observed by very low chloride
ion permeability and considerably high electrical resistivity
(Kannan et al. 2017). Another case, Rashid et al. (2017)
replaced partially the coarse aggregate with Ceramic Waste
Aggregate (CWA) up to 30% replacement. It was an evidence that 30% CWA replacement causes an 17% increase
in the compressive strength. The Fine Ceramic Aggregate
(FCA) has been also utilized instead of Natural Fine
Aggregate (NFA) in concrete. Siddique et al. (2018) show
A. Rostami Á M. Kurtayev Á M. Batikha (&)
School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society,
Heriot-Watt University, Dubai Campus, Dubai, UAE
e-mail: m.batikha@hw.ac.uk
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
M. Mateev and J. Nightingale (eds.), Sustainable Development and Social Responsibility—Volume 1,
Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32922-8_17
171
Ceramic Waste Powder (CWP)
Ali Rostami, Meirzhan Kurtayev, and Mustafa Batikha
Abstract
It is well known that concrete material in building
construction is in high demand due to its many advantages which therefore makes concrete the most essential
material in construction. However, the materials used in
the concrete mix have harmful effects on the earth. For
instance, cement industries are the primary producer of
CO 2 . Likewise, the high usage of aggregate in concrete
reduces the natural resources. Therefore, a replacement
for the concrete ingredients starts taking a place where
Ceramic Waste Powder (CWP) is one of the substitutions.
In this research, CWP was used as partial replacement of
cement and fine aggregate. Two percentages of replacement were considered in this study: 20 and 30%.
Subsequently, an experimental work has been conducted
to check the effect of this partial replacement on the
mechanical properties and the cost of the new concrete
products. At the end of this work, it can be observed that
using CWP in concrete produces a high strength concrete
with a lower cost which makes the new product green and
sustainable for the future trend of sustainable cities.
Keywords
Concretemix Á Ceramic wastepowder Á Replacement Á
Sustainability Á Mechanicalproperties Á Cost
1 Introduction
Concrete material can be considered as a construction
material most spread worldwide for many advantages that
this material has such as high durability, less maintenance
required, low-skill labor needed, and high fire resistance.
Besides these characteristics, concrete has high harmful
effects to the earth environment through its ingredients
where cement industries are the primary producer of CO 2 .
Moreover, the aggregates used in the concrete bring a much
yearly reduction of our natural resources. Therefore,
researchers have initiated in a full or partial substitution of
the concrete components with recycled materials (e.g., glass,
plastic, demolition waste) in which the aim is to produce a
green sustainable concrete and decrease the landfill areas.
Using ceramic waste has been one of the interests of
researchers where ceramic industries produce much waste
regardless of the enhancements the enterprises have been
introducing in the manufacturing process. It is recorded that
ceramic sectors generate about 15–30% of the residues
(Raval et al. 2013). It should be noted that, for example,
10,000 tons/year is an average of ceramic waste from one
company in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) (Kanaan and
EL-Dieb 2016). Many construction companies rule out the
crushed waste from ceramic industries and deem them unfit
for sale due to their mechanical and dimensional defects.
Finally, the ceramic disposals remain scattered on a large
land field causing an aesthetic ruin to the surrounding space.
Similarly, when polishing ceramic tiles, Ceramic Waste
Powder (CWP) is produced and dumped into the landfills
which can result in air, soil, and ground-water pollution
(Kanaan and EL-Dieb 2016). All these problems caused by
CWP encourage researchers to utilize it into concrete. As an
example, Kannan et al. (2017) explored the partial replacement up to 40% of cement by CWP in producing high
performance concrete. Although the reduction in compressive strength was about 15% by 40% cement substitution,
superior durability has been observed by very low chloride
ion permeability and considerably high electrical resistivity
(Kannan et al. 2017). Another case, Rashid et al. (2017)
replaced partially the coarse aggregate with Ceramic Waste
Aggregate (CWA) up to 30% replacement. It was an evidence that 30% CWA replacement causes an 17% increase
in the compressive strength. The Fine Ceramic Aggregate
(FCA) has been also utilized instead of Natural Fine
Aggregate (NFA) in concrete. Siddique et al. (2018) show
A. Rostami Á M. Kurtayev Á M. Batikha (&)
School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society,
Heriot-Watt University, Dubai Campus, Dubai, UAE
e-mail: m.batikha@hw.ac.uk
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
M. Mateev and J. Nightingale (eds.), Sustainable Development and Social Responsibility—Volume 1,
Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32922-8_17
171