4. The Gross National Happiness GNH Index developed by
the Happiness Alliance.
These methods are sometimes referred to as common
guidelines because they can be applied to many cities, generating comparisons and knowledge sharing, although they
have not been used often and widely enough to be considered
standard sector approaches (KPMG International, n.d.).
For this research, three main concerns are needed to be
addressed in order to reach a reliable list of indicators:
• Can an improved public space perform economically to
support the social needs of its community?
• Who benefits from those improvements?
• How can we sustain the revitalization of those spaces?
Relying on the above and through the examination of the
18 international cases, a list of indicators and sub-indicators
was concluded to test the sustainability of both streets.
This list is based on five main indicators and
sub-indicators as clarified in Fig. 9:
1. Accessibility: to what extent is the space welcoming its
visitors?
2. Activity: what, when and where are the users occupying
the space?
3. Leisure: can we call it a comfort zone?
4. Finance: what are the costs, who is funding the revitalization and its infrastructure?
5. Sociability: does it provide gender equality, safety and
social valency?
The POE process was primarily based on personal
interviews with stakeholders and users of the streets, site
visits and observational survey on different time intervals
throughout different occasions in addition to intensive
desktop data gathering. Accordingly, both chosen streets in
Downtown Cairo were inspected according to those indicators as shown in the following Table 2
6 Conclusion
In general, urban public spaces and streets represent the
customs of its communities, societal values and political
order. A healthy sustainable public space can be an indicator
on how balanced the individual and the collective interests
Fig. 8 Comparative photo/pictorial showing the stages of regeneration/indicators. Source Authors, photo credits: (Ashour 2018; Attia et al. 2017;
Braker 2018; CLUSTER, n.d.)
Private Initiatives versus State Interventions …
143
the Happiness Alliance.
These methods are sometimes referred to as common
guidelines because they can be applied to many cities, generating comparisons and knowledge sharing, although they
have not been used often and widely enough to be considered
standard sector approaches (KPMG International, n.d.).
For this research, three main concerns are needed to be
addressed in order to reach a reliable list of indicators:
• Can an improved public space perform economically to
support the social needs of its community?
• Who benefits from those improvements?
• How can we sustain the revitalization of those spaces?
Relying on the above and through the examination of the
18 international cases, a list of indicators and sub-indicators
was concluded to test the sustainability of both streets.
This list is based on five main indicators and
sub-indicators as clarified in Fig. 9:
1. Accessibility: to what extent is the space welcoming its
visitors?
2. Activity: what, when and where are the users occupying
the space?
3. Leisure: can we call it a comfort zone?
4. Finance: what are the costs, who is funding the revitalization and its infrastructure?
5. Sociability: does it provide gender equality, safety and
social valency?
The POE process was primarily based on personal
interviews with stakeholders and users of the streets, site
visits and observational survey on different time intervals
throughout different occasions in addition to intensive
desktop data gathering. Accordingly, both chosen streets in
Downtown Cairo were inspected according to those indicators as shown in the following Table 2
6 Conclusion
In general, urban public spaces and streets represent the
customs of its communities, societal values and political
order. A healthy sustainable public space can be an indicator
on how balanced the individual and the collective interests
Fig. 8 Comparative photo/pictorial showing the stages of regeneration/indicators. Source Authors, photo credits: (Ashour 2018; Attia et al. 2017;
Braker 2018; CLUSTER, n.d.)
Private Initiatives versus State Interventions …
143