3.2 Rainfall Simulators with Thread Droppers or Needle Droppers
35
Table 3.1
(continued)
First author (completion time),
and his/her research institute
Type of raindrop generator
Rainfall intensity
(mm/min)
Fall height (m) Characteristics
Al (2017), University
Libanaise, France
Single downward-spraying
nozzle
2.0
1.6
The simulator was designed to homogeneously
spray an elementary area of 1 m 2
. It is lightweight
and it could be easily operated by on person and to
reduce implementation time to less than an hour
Kesgin (2018), Yildiz
Technical University, Turkey
Multiple downward-spraying
nozzles
0.4–4.4
6.5
The simulator could produce different rainfall
rates to be able to obtain desired hyetograph.
Spatial uniformity of produced rainfall was
ranging from 90.24 to 92.74%
Vergni (2018), University of
Perugia, Italy
Multiple downward-spray
nozzles
0.3–2.3
2.8
The simulator were usually employed in field
experiments, both single and multi-nozzle
operation were feasible, events were
simultaneously reproduced in two identical plots,
and the runoff volume coming from the
micro-plots and the water volume falling outside
the plots were both collected and conveyed to
separate outlets